Cyanotic Nephropathy-A Morphometric Analysis

Abstract

Patients with CCHD show significant changes in the kidneys as assessed morphometrically, leading to renal dysfunction, and the age of the patients plays a role in their development.

Assessment of Kidney Function in Survivors Following Fontan Palliation

“…9 Decrease in cardiac output leading to poor renal perfusion, use of nephrotoxic medications, and chronic cyanosis resulting in cyanotic nephropathy are amongst several factors which may contribute to kidney injury. [9][10][11] However, studies focusing on long-term kidney function in this cohort are limited.…”

Altered in utero kidney development in newborns with congenital heart disease

“…This pathological remodeling may also incorporate early cyanotic nephropathy, which has previously been detected in patients with CHD from infancy to adulthood. 12,27,28 These studies had only a few neonatal patients however, and thus more likely reflect the results of longer duration of cyanosis. Whether patients with CHD as young as 1 week show the same changes of glomerulomegaly is unknown.…”

“…11 These insults result in histological changes, including glomerulomegaly, interstitial fibrosis, and increased mesangial matrix and cellularity. 12,13 Due to these well-recognized alterations in fetal blood flow and observed changes in brain development, we questioned whether CHD also affects kidney development in utero, resulting in reduced kidney size at birth. Such a finding would be highly significant, as the formation of nephrons ceases after week 36 of gestation.…”

Medium-term follow-up of renal function in hypoxaemic congenital heart disease patients

“…[10][11][12] Hypoxia, by itself, may damage glomeruli and increase permeability, which ultimately leads to endothelial swelling and sclerosis. On the other hand, secondary erythrocytosis may promote shear stress and intraglomerular release of nitric oxide and angiogenic factors, [13][14][15] which may favour glomerular damage.…”