Fragrance materials in asthma: a pilot study using a surrogate aerosol product

Vethanayagam, Dilini; Vliagoftis, Harissios; Mah, Dennell; Beach, Jeremy; Smith, Ladd W.; Moqbel, Redwan

doi:10.3109/02770903.2013.822079

Cited by 55 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…This therapy was found to be superior when compared to synthetic odors. Synthetic fragrances generally contain irritants, like solvents and propellants causing irritation in some people [23][24][25]. According to aroma therapists, synthetic odor does not match the importance of essential oils as they are deficient in natural or vital energy; however, this has been remained a matter of debate between odor psychologists and biochemists [26] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential oils used in aromatherapy: A systemic review

Ali

Al-Wabel

Shams³

et al. 2015

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine

837

476

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A B S T R A C TNowadays, use of alternative and complementary therapies with mainstream medicine has gained the momentum. Aromatherapy is one of the complementary therapies which use essential oils as the major therapeutic agents to treat several diseases. The essential or volatile oils are extracted from the flowers, barks, stem, leaves, roots, fruits and other parts of the plant by various methods. It came into existence after the scientists deciphered the antiseptic and skin permeability properties of essential oils. Inhalation, local application and baths are the major methods used in aromatherapy that utilize these oils to penetrate the human skin surface with marked aura. Once the oils are in the system, they remodulate themselves and work in a friendly manner at the site of malfunction or at the affected area. This type of therapy utilizes various permutation and combinations to get relief from numerous ailments like depression, indigestion, headache, insomnia, muscular pain, respiratory problems, skin ailments, swollen joints, urine associated complications etc. The essential oils are found to be more beneficial when other aspects of life and diet are given due consideration. This review explores the information available in the literature regarding therapeutic, medical, cosmetic, psychological, olfactory, massage aromatherapy, safety issues and different plants used in aromatherapy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential oils used in aromatherapy: A systemic review

Ali

Al-Wabel

Shams³

et al. 2015

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine

837

476

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The results demonstrated no difference in lung function between exposed and control participants and a non-significant trend in airways inflammation in the moderate asthmatics. Moderate asthmatics showed more persistent nasal symptoms (Vethanayagam et al, 2013). While this study observes no significant clinical events after exposure, issues with the study design, including small sample size, the unblinded nature and no listed exposure concentration, leave remaining questions.…”

Section: Presentationsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Exploring the science, safety, and benefits of air care products: perspectives from the inaugural air care summit

Johnson

Kingston

Utell

et al. 2019

Inhalation Toxicology

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Seventy-one percent of US households purchase air care products. Air care products span a diverse range of forms, including scented aerosol sprays, pump sprays, diffusers, gels, candles, and plug-ins. These products are used to eliminate indoor malodors and to provide pleasant scent experiences. The use of air care products can lead to significant benefits as studies have shown that indoor malodor can cause adverse effects, negatively impacting quality of life, hygiene, and the monetary value of homes and cars, while disproportionately affecting lower income populations. Additionally, studies have also shown that scent can have positive benefits related to mood, stress reduction, and memory enhancement among others. Despite the positive benefits associated with air care products, negative consumer perceptions regarding the safety of air care products can be a barrier to their use. During the inaugural Air Care Summit, held on 18 May 2018 in the Washington, DC, metropolitan area, multidisciplinary experts including industry stakeholders, academics, and scientific and medical experts were invited to share and assess the existing data related to air care products, focusing on ingredient and product safety and the benefits of malodor removal and scent. At the Summit's completion, a panel of independent experts representing the fields of pulmonary medicine, medical and clinical toxicology, pediatric toxicology, basic science toxicology, occupational dermatology and experimental psychology convened to review the data presented, identify potential knowledge gaps, and suggest future research directions to further assess the safety and benefits of air care products.

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“…In another study, no differences in lung function were found among nonasthmatic and asthmatics exposed to an aerosolized scented product [9,56]. In another study, fragrances did not cause type 2 allergic sensitization in the respiratory tract [9,57].…”

Section: Respiratory Effects: Asthma and Other Mucosal Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ubiquity, Hazardous Effects, and Risk Assessment of Fragrances in Consumer Products

Pastor‐Nieto

Gatica‐Ortega

2021

Curr Treat Options Allergy

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Purpose of review The main aims of fragrances are to create pleasing scents or to mask unpleasant odors. We hereby review their main exposure sources, presumed benefits, and unwanted effects, with special attention to allergic contact dermatitis (prevalence, regulatory environment, risk assessment methodology, and preventive measures). Recent findings Fragrances elicit positive emotions and presumably have therapeutic benefits related to stress reduction and memory enhancement. However, they also cause detrimental health or environmental effects including contact dermatitis (irritant and/or allergic), non-eczematous contact reactions, photosensitivity, photo-allergy, and immediate contact reactions, which can negatively impact the quality of life. Fragrances are the most frequent chemicals causing contact dermatitis. Their main sources are cosmetics, household products, industrial substances, food flavorings, oral hygiene products, and topical medications. It is difficult for sensitized patients to avoid contact with fragrances, due to their ubiquity and because manufacturers are not willing to volunteer information regarding fragrance ingredients. Summary The treatment of contact dermatitis relies on allergens avoidance which does not "cure" the disease (sensitization persists for life) but prevents disabling illness. The patient should understand that avoiding perfume means to avoid all scented goods and not just perfumes. Labeling fragrances is key in primary prevention (by giving the healthy individual the chance to make an informed choice to avoid risky substances), diagnosis (by helping the practitioner to plan and interpret patch tests), secondary prevention, and prognosis (by allowing the sensitized patient to follow the avoidance instructions). However, only 26 fragrances are mandatory to be declared in cosmetics. The vague labeling of other fragrance ingredients as "perfume" or "fragrance" hampers the diagnostic and preventive approaches. Therefore, in our opinion, declaration should be mandatory for all fragrance ingredients as well as straightforward so most consumers can understand it. Moreover, legislation should be improved to prevent inappropriately high exposures by forbidding stronger allergens, restricting maximum concentrations in the finished product or fields of application, delivering information regarding the risks to the general public, and controlling the compliance of manufacturers with the regulations. Besides, manufacturers should share information regarding the composition in the final products and provide physicians with samples of all fragrance chemicals whenever needed for patch test investigations. Presumed benefits of fragrances Sources of indoor malodor include smoke, grease, body, kitchen (food, fumes, garbage, sink), bathroom, pets, mold, and mildew (Table 1). The semi-volatile odor molecules are adsorbed onto porous surfaces of soft furnishings [9••]. Outdoor malodor is linked to pollution, neighbors, and commercial activities. Malodor results in psychological (depression, f...

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Fragrance materials in asthma: a pilot study using a surrogate aerosol product

Abstract: A trend for increased symptoms was noted in moderate asthmatics, suggesting that asthma severity may play a factor in fragrance sensitivity.

Cited by 55 publications

References 21 publications

Essential oils used in aromatherapy: A systemic review

Essential oils used in aromatherapy: A systemic review

Exploring the science, safety, and benefits of air care products: perspectives from the inaugural air care summit

Ubiquity, Hazardous Effects, and Risk Assessment of Fragrances in Consumer Products

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