Chromium Phytotoxicity in Radish (Raphanus sativus): Effects on Metabolism and Nutrient Uptake

Abstract

In the present investigation, chromium (VI) induced toxicity on metabolic activity and translocations of nutrients in radish were evaluated under controlled glass house conditions. Chromium was found to induce toxicity and significantly affect plant growth and metabolic activity. Excess of chromium (0.4 mM) caused a decrease in the concentration of iron in leaves (from 134.3 to 71.9 μg g(-1) dw) and significant translocation of sulphur, phosphorus and zinc. Translocation of manganese, copper and boron were less affected from root to stem. After 15 days of Cr exposure, maximum accumulation of Cr was found in roots (327.6 μg g(-1) dw) followed by stems (186.8 μg g(-1) dw) and leaves (116.7 μg g(-1) dw) at 0.4 mM Cr concentration. Therefore, Cr may affect negatively not only production, but also the nutritive quality of the radish; likewise, higher Cr content may cause health hazards for humans.

Assessment of Phosphate Laundries Wastewater Phytotoxicity and Biotreatment Assays

“…[ 2 ] Although apparently inexhaustible, water is very unevenly distributed on the planet. [ 3 ] All countries will have, in the short or long term, to face the problem of water scarcity and mobilization of surface water was always a major concern of public authorities. [ 4 ] The populations of the water‐sensitive countries do not cease to increase considerably along with their needs for food and water resources.…”

Adaptation Strategies of Plants against Heavy Metal Toxicity: A Short Review

“…Protection by scavenging hydroxyl radical and reducing metal uptake As treatment increased endogenous proline Arsenic [7] Indian senna involved in stress-resistance mechanisms Lead [78] Ocimum tenuiflorum Detoxify by mechanism of improve antioxidant system chromium [79] Rice proline lower water potential and involved in the Hg 2+ tolerance Mercury [80] Wheat Play osmoprotective role and protect plants from Ni stress Nickel [81] terrestrial ecosystems including the agricultural fields in adjacent regions of industrial complexes [16].…”

Suprimento de enxofre e a toxidez por cromo no capim tanzânia

“…Resultado semelhante foi verificado em estudo com combinação de doses de S (0,1; 1,0; 1,9; 2,8 e 3,7 mmol L -1 ) com doses de Cd (0,0; 0,5; 1,0; 1,5 e 2,0 mmol L -1 ) e foram encontrados menores valores de área foliar do capim tanzânia para as maiores doses de Cd . Menor expansão de área foliar devido à toxidez por Cr foi relatada também em Raphanus sativus crescendo por 15 dias com doses de Cr de 0,40 mmol L -1 (Tiwari et al 2013).…”

“…Resultados semelhantes foram obtidos para Raphanus sativus, Zea mays e Solanum melongena, em que as atividades das enzimas CAT, APX, GPOX e GR aumentaram com a toxidez por Cr (Anjum et al 2016;Sayantan e Shardendu 2013;Singh et al 2016). Contradizendo os resultados do capim tanzânia e dos outros estudos, em Raphanus sativus a toxidez por Cr (0,4 mmol L -1 ) propiciou menor atividade da CAT e da GR e mais alta atividade da GPOX na parte aérea, o que provocou aumento na peroxidação lipídica (Tiwari et al 2013).…”

“…Tanto a toxidez por Cr quanto a deficiência de S resultaram em aumento na concentração de prolina nas DP do capim tanzânia (Figura 11). Aumentos na concentração de prolina na parte aérea das plantas devido à toxidez por Cr também foram observados em Raphanus sativus, Zea mays e Oryza sativa (Anjum et al 2016;Tiwari et al 2013; Yu e Lu 2016). O acúmulo de prolina pode reduzir o estresse induzido por metais pesados, fornecendo a energia necessária para a recuperação das plantas.…”