Amplitude-integrated electroencephalography in male newborns <30 weeks’ of gestation and unfavourable neurodevelopmental outcome at three years is less mature when compared to females
Abstract:Being male with an abnormal outcome at 3 years of age is reflected by a less mature early aEEG when compared with the one of females. This association is independent of IVH and medication and was less evident with increasing gestational age.
“…Several studies indicate that the amplitude of the lower margin is associated with GA and postnatal age, and that the lower margin increases as GA increases. 10 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 With regard to sex, Olishar et al 27 found that male sex and a lower GA increased the likelihood of abnormalities in the aEEG composite score, defined by the baseline tracing, sleep–wake cycle, and seizures.…”
“…Several studies indicate that the amplitude of the lower margin is associated with GA and postnatal age, and that the lower margin increases as GA increases. 10 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 With regard to sex, Olishar et al 27 found that male sex and a lower GA increased the likelihood of abnormalities in the aEEG composite score, defined by the baseline tracing, sleep–wake cycle, and seizures.…”
“…Regarding aEEG, which is an established method of newborn brain monitoring and evaluation of brain maturation, many studies have been published, but until now, none of them have specifically investigated differences in aEEG signals between male and female infants [6,12,13]. Recently Olischar et al [18] showed that male preterm infants born below 30 weeks gestational age with an impaired neurodevelopmental outcome at the age of 3 years, show more burst suppression background patterns and less cycling than female preterm infants. They did not show a difference in aEEG signals between male and female preterm infants with normal neurodevelopmental outcomes.…”
Background: The amplitude-integrated electroencephalogram (aEEG) is a valuable tool for monitoring brain function in preterm infants. Several studies have discussed sex-related differences regarding neonatal morbidity and mortality. To date, no study has been published specifically evaluating potential sex-related differences in aEEG parameters. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess sex-related differences in aEEG signals in preterm born infants without brain injury in the first 4 weeks of life. Methods: aEEG was performed at seven time points (days 1, 2, 3, weeks 1, 2, 3 and 4) and analyzed for Burdjalov total score, number of bursts per hour and visual background pattern. Patients: One hundred and fifty-six infants (85 male and 71 female) born with a gestational age between 28 and 31 completed weeks were evaluated. Results: Mean total score increased with postnatal age and ranged from 5.4 at day 1 to 11.0 at the end of the study period. The score was higher for girls at every time point, and the mean difference was between 0.3 and 0.9. The number of bursts per hour decreased over time from 8.9 at day 1 to 1.6 at the end of the study period. At week 4, the number of bursts per hour was significantly lower in girls (1.3) than in boys (2.0). Conclusion: Sex-related differences were present in aEEG signals of preterm infants. The lower total score and the higher number of bursts might express delayed brain maturation in male preterm infants.
“…39 Centers are increasingly publishing studies supporting the neurologic prognostic value of aEEG and conventional EEG studies for infants born very premature. 39,[53][54][55][56][57] Abnormal electrographic studies have predictive power for both motor and cognitive impairments in this population, 53,57 even as early as the first 12 to 24 h of life. 56 Additionally, aberrant electrocortical background activity has prognostic implications for neurodevelopmental outcome that exceeds the predictive abilities of HUS.…”
To improve the neurologic outcomes for infants with brain injury, neonatal providers are increasingly implementing neurocritical care approaches into clinical practice. Term infants with brain injury have been principal beneficiaries of neurologically-integrated care models to date, as evidenced by the widespread adoption of therapeutic hypothermia protocols for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Innovative therapeutic and diagnostic support for very low birth weight infants with brain injury has lagged behind. Given that concern for significant future neurodevelopmental impairment can lead to decisions to withdraw life supportive care at any gestational age, providing families with accurate prognostic information is essential for all infants. Current variable application of multidisciplinary neurocritical care approaches to infants at different gestational ages may be ethically problematic and reflect distinct perceptions of brain injury for infants born extremely premature.
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