Therapeutic Effects of Bacteriophages Against Salmonella gallinarum Infection in Chickens

Abstract

In this study the isolation and characterization of three bacteriophages (ST4, L13, and SG3) infecting Salmonella gallinarum were carried out. They were further tested for their in vivo efficacy in phage therapy. All three phages belong to the Siphoviridae family with isometric heads and non-contractile tails. They have a broad host range among serovars of Salmonella enterica. The burst sizes were observed to be 1670, 80, and 28 for ST4, L13, and SG3, respectively. The in vivo efficacy of the phages was tested in chickens. Layer chickens were challenged with S. gallinarum, whereas contact chickens were cohabited without direct challenge. Each bacteriophage was orally inoculated in the form of feed additives. Mortality was observed and S. gallinarum was periodically re-isolated from the livers, spleens, and cecums of the chickens. Bacterial re-isolation from the organs and mortality decreased significantly in both challenged and contact chickens treated with the bacteriophages compared with untreated chickens serving as the control. The three bacteriophages may be effective alternatives to antibiotics for the control of fowl typhoid disease in chickens.

The use of a salmonella bacteriophage in bearded dragons: application, passage time and reisolation

“…Three different concentrations (10 5 , 10 7 and 10 9 pfu/g) were used, and the 2 higher titres in particular had a significant impact on Salmonella Enteritidis shedding [19]. Chickens infected with Salmonella Gallinarum and treated with 3 different phages (ST4, L13, and SG3) had significantly lower mortality rates than animals that were left untreated [12].…”

Characterization of phiCFP‐1, a virulent bacteriophage specific for Citrobacter freundii

“…Many infections are caused by C. freundii, including severe peritonitis [Kataria and Saad, 2015], wound infections [Akbar et al, 2015], urinary tract infections [Shaw et al, 2015], brain abscesses [Nguyen et al, 2015], pneumonia [Nguyen et al, 2015], and emphysematous pyelonephritis [Yanagawa et al, 2013]. To identify potentially effective treatments targeting this pathogen, C. freundii phages merit further attention, as these phages may provide good alternatives to conventional antibiotics, especially for antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria [Hong et al, 2013]. However, relatively few candidate phages that lyse C. freundii strains have been properly characterized.…”

Complete Genome Sequence of Bacteriophage MA12, Which Infects both Campylobacter jejuni and Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis

“…are common causes of gastrointestinal disease and are typically transmitted by food-products derived from the poultry industry (1, 2). These pathogens can be controlled by specific phages applied throughout the food chain (3). …”