Multi-wavelength spectrophotometric analysis for detection of xanthochromia in cerebrospinal fluid and accuracy for the diagnosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage

Smith, Andrew; Wu, Alan H.B.; Lynch, Kara L.; Ko, Nerissa; Grenache, David G.

doi:10.1016/j.cca.2013.06.017

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Bilirubin, hemoglobin, and protein content in the CSF was analyzed by spectrometry as described previously (69). In brief, absorbance at 340, 415, and 460 nm was measured, and bilirubin (c1), hemoglobin (c2), and protein (c3) content was calculated using the following formulas:…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microglia regulate blood clearance in subarachnoid hemorrhage by heme oxygenase-1

Schallner¹,

Pandit²,

LeBlanc³

et al. 2015

J. Clin. Invest.

165

173

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microglia regulate blood clearance in subarachnoid hemorrhage by heme oxygenase-1

Schallner¹,

Pandit²,

LeBlanc³

et al. 2015

J. Clin. Invest.

165

173

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Bilirubin, hemoglobin, and protein content in the CSF were analyzed by spectrometry as described previously [17]. In brief, absorbance at 340, 415, and 460 nm was measured and bilirubin (c1), hemoglobin (c2), and protein (c3) content was calculated using the following formulas:A 340 = 0.012 × c1 + 0.0015 × c2 + 0.000054 × c3 A 415 = 0.049 × c1 + 0.0069n × c2 + 0.000016 × c3 A 460 = 0.083 × c1 + 0.0006 × c2 + 0.000007 × c3…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroprotection after Hemorrhagic Stroke Depends on Cerebral Heme Oxygenase-1

et al. 2019

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(1) Background: A detailed understanding of the pathophysiology of hemorrhagic stroke is still missing. We hypothesized that expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in microglia functions as a protective signaling pathway. (2) Methods: Hippocampal HT22 neuronal cells were exposed to heme-containing blood components and cell death was determined. We evaluated HO-1-induction and cytokine release by wildtype compared to tissue-specific HO-1-deficient (LyzM-Cre.Hmox1 fl/fl) primary microglia (PMG). In a study involving 46 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), relative HO-1 mRNA level in the cerebrospinal fluid were correlated with hematoma size and functional outcome. (3) Results: Neuronal cell death was induced by exposure to whole blood and hemoglobin. HO-1 was induced in microglia following blood exposure. Neuronal cells were protected from cell death by microglia cell medium conditioned with blood. This was associated with a HO-1-dependent increase in monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) production. HO-1 mRNA level in the cerebrospinal fluid of SAH-patients correlated positively with hematoma size. High HO-1 mRNA level in relation to hematoma size were associated with improved functional outcome at hospital discharge. (4) Conclusions: Microglial HO-1 induction with endogenous CO production functions as a crucial signaling pathway in blood-induced inflammation, determining microglial MCP-1 production and the extent of neuronal cell death. These results give further insight into the pathophysiology of neuronal damage after SAH and the function of HO-1 in humans.

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“…The UK-NEQAS method partly corrects for an increased protein concentration in the CSF, i.e., impairment of the blood-brain barrier. However, a multi-wavelength analysis has been proposed to reduce the interference of protein and haemoglobin [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of subarachnoid haemorrhage with spectrophotometry of cerebrospinal fluid – a comparison of two methods

Clarin

Petersson

Zetterberg

et al. 2022

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM)

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Objectives Spectrophotometric absorption curve analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for oxyhaemoglobin and bilirubin is necessary to accurately diagnose subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) in patients with typical symptoms but with negative findings on X-ray examinations. In this study, we evaluated the performance of two methods for interpreting absorption curves; one method from the United Kingdom National External Quality Assessment Service (UK-NEQAS) and the other from the national quality assurance programme in Sweden (Equalis). Methods Consecutive absorbance curves (n=336) were interpreted with two different methods, and their performance was compared to the diagnosis as stated in the patient records. Results The UK-NEQAS method displayed equal sensitivity to the Equalis method, but the specificity of the UK-NEQAS method was significantly higher than the Equalis method resulting in fewer false positive results. For UK-NEQAS, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 84.6% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 99.7% were observed, whereas the Equalis method had a PPV of 27.5% and an NPV of 99.7%. Conclusions The semi-automated method based on the guidelines from UK-NEQAS provides an efficient and correct interpretation of absorbance curves with short turn-around times. We propose using this method for the routine interpretation of CSF spectrophotometric curves.

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Multi-wavelength spectrophotometric analysis for detection of xanthochromia in cerebrospinal fluid and accuracy for the diagnosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage

Cited by 6 publications

References 20 publications

Microglia regulate blood clearance in subarachnoid hemorrhage by heme oxygenase-1

Microglia regulate blood clearance in subarachnoid hemorrhage by heme oxygenase-1

Neuroprotection after Hemorrhagic Stroke Depends on Cerebral Heme Oxygenase-1

Detection of subarachnoid haemorrhage with spectrophotometry of cerebrospinal fluid – a comparison of two methods

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