Effects of a Combined Aerobic and Resistance Exercise Program on C1q/TNF-Related Protein-3 (CTRP-3) and CTRP-5 Levels

Abstract

OBJECTIVETo examine the effect of a combined exercise program on C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein (CTRP) 3 and CTRP-5 levels and novel adiponectin paralogs suggested to be links between metabolism and inflammation and to evaluate sex differences and association with cardiometabolic risk factors in humans with use of a newly developed ELISA.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSThis cross-sectional study explored the implications of CTRP-3 and CTRP-5 on cardiometabolic parameters in 453 nondiabetic Korean adults. In addition, we evaluated the impact of a 3-month combined exercise program on CTRP-3 and CTRP-5 levels in 76 obese women. The exercise program consisted of 45 min of aerobic exercise at an intensity of 60–75% of the age-predicted maximum heart rate (300 kcal/session) and 20 min of resistance training (100 kcal/session) five times per week.RESULTSBoth CTRP-3 and CTRP-5 concentrations were significantly higher in women (P < 0.001) than in men (P = 0.030). In a multiple stepwise regression analysis, CTRP-3 levels were independently associated with age, sex, and triglyceride, LDL cholesterol, adiponectin, and retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) levels (R2 = 0.182). After 3 months of a combined exercise program, cardiometabolic risk factors, including components of metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and RBP4 levels, decreased significantly. In particular, CTRP-3 levels decreased significantly (median [interquartile range] 444.3 [373.8–535.0] to 374.4 [297.2–435.9], P < 0.001), whereas CTRP-5 levels were slightly increased (34.1 [28.6–44.3] to 38.4 [29.8–55.1], P = 0.048).CONCLUSIONSA 3-month combined exercise program significantly decreased CTRP-3 levels and modestly increased CTRP-5 levels in obese Korean women.

Overexpression of C1q/Tumor Necrosis Factor–Related Protein-3 Promotes Phosphate-Induced Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Calcification Both In Vivo and In Vitro

“…24 A 3-month combined exercise decreases CTRP3 level from 444.3 to 374.4 ng/ mL in obese Korean women. 25 These results suggest that circulating CTRP3 level may serve as a novel biomarker candidate for metabolic-related diseases. Vascular calcification is a critical event in the development of vascular disease and frequently observed in patients with CRF.…”

CTRP3 attenuates post-infarct cardiac fibrosis by targeting Smad3 activation and inhibiting myofibroblast differentiation

“…Circulating CTRP3 concentration is significantly higher in patients with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome [26]. A combined aerobic and resistance exercise program for 3 months significantly decreases CTRP3 serum level in obese subjects [27]. It has been found that CTRP3 concentration shows a significant correlation with cardiometabolic risk factors, including waist circumference, diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and adiponectin levels [28].…”

C1q/TNF‐Related Protein 3 (CTRP3) Function and Regulation

“…Briefly, CTRP3 levels are reported to be elevated (12), not different (16, 66), or reduced (5,14,52,65,72,83) with obesity and/or T2D. In most reports circulating CTRP3 levels are higher in women than in men (10,14,72,83), with one exception (52). Further complicating the relationship between CTRP3 levels and human health, Wager et al (2016) reported that CTRP3 levels are elevated with obesity in male but are reciprocally reduced with obesity in female subjects (66).…”