Using standardized tools to improve immunization costing data for program planning: The cost of the Colombian Expanded Program on Immunization

Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos; Romero, Martin; Arce, Patricia; Resch, Stephen; Janusz, Cara Bess; Toscano, Cristiana M.; Hoz-Restrepo, Fernando De la

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.05.038

Cited by 20 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…Based on general principles of cost analysis and specific recommendations for malaria projects [20–22], the study followed an ingredients-based approach, meaning that the different resources necessary to carry out the intervention were listed, measured and valued (Additional file 1). Costs were then classified according to activity as illustrated in Table 1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost analysis of a school-based comprehensive malaria program in primary schools in Sikasso region, Mali

et al. 2017

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BackgroundThe expansion of malaria prevention and control to school-aged children is receiving increasing attention, but there are still limited data on the costs of intervention. This paper analyses the costs of a comprehensive school-based intervention strategy, delivered by teachers, that included participatory malaria educational activities, distribution of long lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLIN), and Intermittent Parasite Clearance in schools (IPCs) in southern Mali.MethodsCosts were collected alongside a randomised controlled trial conducted in 80 primary schools in Sikasso Region in Mali in 2010-2012. Cost data were compiled between November 2011 and March 2012 for the 40 intervention schools (6413 children). A provider perspective was adopted. Using an ingredients approach, costs were classified by cost category and by activity. Total costs and cost per child were estimated for the actual intervention, as well as for a simpler version of the programme more suited for scale-up by the government. Univariate sensitivity analysis was performed.ResultsThe economic cost of the comprehensive intervention was estimated to $10.38 per child (financial cost $8.41) with malaria education, LLIN distribution and IPCs costing $2.13 (20.5%), $5.53 (53.3%) and $2.72 (26.2%) per child respectively. Human resources were found to be the key cost driver, and training costs were the greatest contributor to overall programme costs. Sensitivity analysis showed that an adapted intervention delivering one LLIN instead of two would lower the economic cost to $8.66 per child; and that excluding LLIN distribution in schools altogether, for example in settings where malaria control already includes universal distribution of LLINs at community-level, would reduce costs to $4.89 per child.ConclusionsA comprehensive school-based control strategy may be a feasible and affordable way to address the burden of malaria among schoolchildren in the Sahel.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4490-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost analysis of a school-based comprehensive malaria program in primary schools in Sikasso region, Mali

et al. 2017

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“…Limited budgets are mostly allocated by government without costing the services to be provided. Existing literature has mainly focused on costing of disease specific public health interventions such as Tuberculosis and HIV [ 1 ], immunization programs [ 2 ], or specific services such as maternal health services [ 3 , 4 ]. Although attempts have been made to estimate costs of scaling up primary healthcare services, costs of emerging reforms in health sectors of developing countries are not well captured.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Provider cost analysis supports results-based contracting out of maternal and newborn health services: an evidence-based policy perspective

Hatcher

Shaikh

Fazli

et al. 2014

BMC Health Serv Res

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BackgroundThere is dearth of evidence on provider cost of contracted out services particularly for Maternal and Newborn Health (MNH). The evidence base is weak for policy makers to estimate resources required for scaling up contracting. This paper ascertains provider unit costs and expenditure distribution at contracted out government primary health centers to inform the development of optimal resource envelopes for contracting out MNH services.MethodsThis is a case study of provider costs of MNH services at two government Rural Health Centers (RHCs) contracted out to a non-governmental organization in Pakistan. It reports on four selected Basic Emergency Obstetrical and Newborn Care (BEmONC) services provided in one RHC and six Comprehensive Emergency Obstetrical and Newborn Care (CEmONC) services in the other. Data were collected using staff interviews and record review to compile resource inputs and service volumes, and analyzed using the CORE Plus tool. Unit costs are based on actual costs of MNH services and are calculated for actual volumes in 2011 and for volumes projected to meet need with optimal resource inputs.ResultsThe unit costs per service for actual 2011 volumes at the BEmONC RHC were antenatal care (ANC) visit USD$ 18.78, normal delivery US$ 84.61, newborn care US$ 16.86 and a postnatal care (PNC) visit US$ 13.86; and at the CEmONC RHC were ANC visit US$ 45.50, Normal Delivery US$ 148.43, assisted delivery US$ 167.43, C-section US$ 183.34, Newborn Care US$ 41.07, and PNC visit US$ 27.34. The unit costs for the projected volumes needed were lower due to optimal utilization of resources. The percentage distribution of expenditures at both RHCs was largest for salaries of technical staff, followed by salaries of administrative staff, and then operating costs, medicines, medical and diagnostic supplies.ConclusionsThe unit costs of MNH services at the two contracted out government rural facilities remain higher than is optimal, primarily due to underutilization. Provider cost analysis using standard treatment guideline (STG) based service costing frameworks should be applied across a number of health facilities to calculate the cost of services and guide development of evidence based resource envelopes and performance based contracting.

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“…Another rotavirus example, this time from Malawi, noted that the cost of implementation would be high when compared with the government health budget per capita and that new financing opportunities were necessary (19). A study on the cost of the Colombian Expanded Program on Immunization proposes using standardized tools to improve cost data for program planning (20).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacoeconomic Analysis of Vaccination in Developed Versus Developing Countries

McIntosh¹

2014

J Pediatr Inf

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Farmakoekonomik analizler, "paranın karşılığını" almanın ve maliyet verimliliği elde etmenin zorunlu olduğu tercihan gelişmiş ülkelerde gerçekleştirilmektedir. Bu tip analizler, eldeki kısıtlı kaynakları kısmen idareli kullanmak, aynı zamanda genel ekonomik görünümü iyileştirmek, verimlilik kazanımlarını arttırmak ve aşılamada daha fazla yatırımı desteklemek için düşük gelirli/gelişmekte olan ülkelerde ve orta gelirli ülkelerde gerçekleştirilir. Bu analizlerin, sanılanın aksine aşılar için değil, genelde tedavi edici ürünler için yapıldığı görülmektedir, ama bu durum aşıların farmakoekonomik analiz sonuçlarının uygulamadaki etkilerinin ölçülmesiyle değişecektir.

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Using standardized tools to improve immunization costing data for program planning: The cost of the Colombian Expanded Program on Immunization

Cited by 20 publications

References 3 publications

Cost analysis of a school-based comprehensive malaria program in primary schools in Sikasso region, Mali

Cost analysis of a school-based comprehensive malaria program in primary schools in Sikasso region, Mali

Provider cost analysis supports results-based contracting out of maternal and newborn health services: an evidence-based policy perspective

Pharmacoeconomic Analysis of Vaccination in Developed Versus Developing Countries

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