Coadministration of Atazanavir-Ritonavir and Zinc Sulfate: Impact on Hyperbilirubinemia and Pharmacokinetics

Moyle, Graeme; Else, Laura; Jackson, Akil; Back, David; Yapa, H. Manisha; Seymour, Natalia; Ringner-Nackter, Lisa; Karolia, Zeenat; Gazzard, Brian; Boffito, Marta

doi:10.1128/aac.00357-13

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The suggested treatments for COVID-19 are, but not limited to, the use of (i) convalescent plasma for COVID-19 treatment [63][64][65]; (ii) ribavirin, a nucleoside analogue in combination with recombinant interferon showed inhibition of MERS-CoV replication [66]; (iii) lopinavir/ritonavir-a combination of a protease inhibitor and a booster used for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus infection [67]; (iv) remdesivir, a nucleotide analogue that inhibit RNA polymerase with a broad spectrum of anti-viral activities; in inhibition of human and zoonotic coronavirus [15,68,69]; (v) favipiravir (also known as T-705, Avigan or favilavir) is a pyrazinecarboxamide derivative known to inhibit RNA polymerase [70]. In addition, azithromycin and doxycycline-commonly used antibiotics to inhibit viral replication and IL-6 production [71] and drugs that suppress IL-1 or IL-1R [72]were also suggested for the treatment and prevention of COVID-19 disease.…”

Section: Recommended and Ongoing Treatments For Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Can Zn Be a Critical Element in COVID-19 Treatment?

Rahman

Idid

2020

Biol Trace Elem Res

134

129

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The current COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has prompted investigators worldwide to search for an effective antiviral treatment. A number of anti-viral drugs such as ribavirin, remdesivir, lopinavir/ritonavir, antibiotics such as azithromycin and doxycycline, and anti-parasite such as ivermectin have been recommended for COVID-19 treatment. In addition, sufficient pre-clinical rationale and evidence have been presented to use chloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19. Furthermore, Zn has the ability to enhance innate and adaptive immunity in the course of a viral infection. Besides, Zn supplement can favour COVID-19 treatment using those suggested and/or recommended drugs. Again, the effectiveness of Zn can be enhanced by using chloroquine as an ionophore while Zn inside the infected cell can stop SARS-CoV-2 replication. Given those benefits, this perspective paper describes how and why Zn could be given due consideration as a complement to the prescribed treatment of COVID-19.

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Section: Recommended and Ongoing Treatments For Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While evaluating the impact of ZnSO 4 supplementation in HIV-infected individuals, the supplement was found useful in management of atazanavir-ritonavir-related unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in selected patients [67].…”

Section: Zn Enhances Efficiency Of Anti-viral Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Zn Be a Critical Element in COVID-19 Treatment?

Rahman

Idid

2020

Biol Trace Elem Res

134

129

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“…), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (efavirenz, etravirine) and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (abacavir, emtricitabine, lamivudine, tenofovir) thus causing reduction in the therapeutic effect. The systematic review found also that for some of the dietary supplements there were controversial results but statistically significant interactions with selected antiretrovirals were found for St. John's wort, vitamin C, zinc sulfate, ferrous fumarate, calcium carbonate, multivitamins and some forms of ginkgo, garlic, and milk thistle [4,[15][16][17]. With this respect people living with HIV, who are prescribed HAART, should better avoid taking them.…”

Section: Published Articles For Nutrition Recommendationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other side, one of the main concerns in terms of nutrition habits, especially food supplement intake, is related to possible interactions with the antiretroviral medicines which may result in decrease of the drug concentrations in the blood plasma and subsequent decreased therapeutic effect and increased risk of viral resistance [2]. In this respect there are still gaps of scientific evidence for the antiretroviral drug-to-supplement interactions and only a few dietary supplements (i.e., Ca, Mg, Fe supplements) have been evaluated in combination with the currently available on the pharmaceutical market antiretroviral medicines [3,4]. While, there is a tendency towards increased consumption of food supplements among patients with chronic diseases, healthcare providers should monitor their patients for potentially important drug-supplement interactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition Habits in People Living with HIV/AIDS in Bulgaria: Review of Current Practice and Recommendations

Dimitrova¹

2020

Nutrition and HIV/AIDS - Implication for Treatment, Prevention and Cure

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The innovations in the medical science and development of new biotechnology medicines changed significantly the course of the human immune-deficiency virus (HIV) infection toward a chronic condition. Along HAART, habits in nutrition place an important role in the improvement of the health status of people living with HIV. Proper diet and nutrition may enhance the adherence and concordance to prescribed therapy and its effectiveness, to reduce the risk of adverse drug events and to boost the immune function. In the resent years a tendency towards increased food supplements consumption is observed, especially in patients with chronic diseases. There is a risk of possible interactions between selected dietary supplements with the antiretroviral medicines which may result in decrease of the drug concentrations in the blood plasma and subsequent decreased therapeutic effect and increased risk of viral resistance. Still there are gaps in respect with such information in the guidelines and recommendations for treatment, monitoring and nutrition in HIV. More studies are needed to fully evaluate such interactions and to put recommendations both for the healthcare professionals and for the people living with HIV for their use in order not to compromise HAART and to maintain the desirable therapeutic outcome.

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“…Isolated hyperbilirubinemia is very common with use of atazanavir but is more of a cosmetic disfigurement that may stigmatise the patient. Zinc sulphate supplementation may be useful in management of ATV-related HBR in selected patients [ 146 ].…”

Section: Antiretroviral Treatment (Art) In Hiv-ptbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current trends and intricacies in the management of HIV-associated pulmonary tuberculosis

et al. 2016

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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic has undoubtedly increased the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) globally, posing a formidable global health challenge affecting 1.2 million cases. Pulmonary TB assumes utmost significance in the programmatic perspective as it is readily transmissible as well as easily diagnosable. HIV complicates every aspect of pulmonary tuberculosis from diagnosis to treatment, demanding a different approach to effectively tackle both the diseases. In order to control these converging epidemics, it is important to diagnose early, initiate appropriate therapy for both infections, prevent transmission and administer preventive therapy. Liquid culture methods and nucleic acid amplification tests for TB confirmation have replaced conventional solid media, enabling quicker and simultaneous detection of mycobacterium and its drug sensitivity profile Unique problems posed by the syndemic include Acquired rifampicin resistance, drug–drug interactions, malabsorption of drugs and immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome or paradoxical reaction that complicate dual and concomitant therapy. While the antiretroviral therapy armamentarium is constantly reinforced by discovery of newer and safer drugs every year, only a few drugs for anti tuberculosis treatment have successfully emerged. These include bedaquiline, delamanid and pretomanid which have entered phase III B trials and are also available through conditional access national programmes. The current guidelines by WHO to start Antiretroviral therapy irrespective of CD4+ cell count based on benefits cited by recent trials could go a long way in preventing various complications caused by the deadly duo. This review provides a consolidated gist of the advancements, concepts and updates that have emerged in the management of HIV-associated pulmonary TB for maximizing efficacy, offering latest solutions for tackling drug–drug interactions and remedial measures for immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.

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Coadministration of Atazanavir-Ritonavir and Zinc Sulfate: Impact on Hyperbilirubinemia and Pharmacokinetics

Cited by 11 publications

References 13 publications

Can Zn Be a Critical Element in COVID-19 Treatment?

Can Zn Be a Critical Element in COVID-19 Treatment?

Nutrition Habits in People Living with HIV/AIDS in Bulgaria: Review of Current Practice and Recommendations

Current trends and intricacies in the management of HIV-associated pulmonary tuberculosis

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