VdTX-1, a reversible nicotinic receptor antagonist isolated from venom of the spider Vitalius dubius (Theraphosidae)

Silva, Thomaz Augusto Alves da Rocha e; Rostelato‐Ferreira, Sandro; Leite, Gildo Bernardo; Silva, Pedro Ismael da; Hyslop, Stephen; Rodrigues‐Simioni, Léa

doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.04.020

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Recent studies have shown that V. dubius venom has a complex biochemical and pharmacological composition, with different biological activities [20,21]. In the present work we describe the purification and characterization of the hyaluronidase present in its venom.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Purification and characterization of a hyaluronidase from venom of the spider Vitalius dubius (Araneae, Theraphosidae)

Sutti¹,

Tamascia

Hyslop

et al. 2014

J Venom Anim Toxins incl Trop Dis

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BackgroundVenom hyaluronidase (Hyase) contributes to the diffusion of venom from the inoculation site. In this work, we purified and characterized Hyase from the venom of Vitalius dubius (Araneae, Theraphosidae), a large theraphosid found in southeastern Brazil. Venom obtained by electrical stimulation of adult male and female V. dubius was initially fractionated by gel filtration on a Superdex® 75 column. Active fractions were pooled and applied to a heparin-sepharose affinity column. The proteins were eluted with a linear NaCl gradient.ResultsActive fractions were pooled and assessed for purity by SDS-PAGE and RP-HPLC. The physicochemical tests included optimum pH, heat stability, presence of isoforms, neutralization by flavonoids and assessment of commercial antivenoms. Hyase was purified and presented a specific activity of 148 turbidity-reducing units (TRU)/mg (venom: 36 TRU/mg; purification factor of ~4). Hyase displayed a molecular mass of 43 kDa by SDS-PAGE. Zymography in hyaluronic-acid-containing gels indicated an absence of enzyme isoforms. The optimum pH was 4-5, with highest activity at 37°C. Hyase was stable up to 60°C; but its activity was lost at higher temperatures and maintained after several freeze-thaw cycles. The NaCl concentration (up to 1 M) did not influence activity. Hyase had greater action towards hyaluronic acid compared to chondroitin sulfate, and was completely neutralized by polyvalent antiarachnid sera, but not by caterpillar, scorpion or snakes antivenoms.ConclusionThe neutralization by arachnid but not scorpion antivenom indicates that this enzyme shares antigenic epitopes with similar enzymes in other spider venoms. The biochemical properties of this Hyase are comparable to others described.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Purification and characterization of a hyaluronidase from venom of the spider Vitalius dubius (Araneae, Theraphosidae)

Sutti¹,

Tamascia

Hyslop

et al. 2014

J Venom Anim Toxins incl Trop Dis

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“…We have previously reported on the venom gland structure (Rocha-e-Silva et al, 2009a) and general venom composition (Rocha-e-Silva et al, 2009b) of V. dubius. We have also isolated a nicotinic receptor antagonist (Rocha-e-Silva et al, 2013) and hyaluronidase (Sutti et al, 2014) from this venom. In this work, we have extended our investigation of V. dubius venom by examining its ability to increase vascular permeability in rat dorsal skin and hind paw.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacological Characterization of the Edema Caused by Vitalius dubius (Theraphosidae, Mygalomorphae) Spider Venom in Rats

Silva

Linardi

Antunes

et al. 2015

Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics

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Bites by tarantulas (Theraphosidae, Mygalomorphae) in humans can result in mild clinical manifestations such as local pain, erythema, and edema. Vitalius dubius is a medium-sized, nonaggressive theraphosid found in southeastern Brazil. In this work, we investigated the mediators involved in the plasma extravasation caused by V. dubius venom in rats. The venom caused dose-dependent (0.1-100 mg/site) edema in rat dorsal skin. This edema was significantly inhibited by butyl]benzamide) (SR48968, a neurokinin NK 2 receptor antagonist) had no effect on the venom-induced increase in vascular permeability. In rat hind paws, the venom-induced edema was attenuated by ketoprofen (a nonselective COX inhibitor) administered 15 minutes postvenom. Preincubation of venom with commercial antiarachnid antivenom attenuated the venom-induced edema. These results suggest that the enhanced vascular permeability evoked by V. dubius venom involves serotonin, COX products, neurokinin NK 1 receptors, and nitric oxide formation. The attenuation of hind paw edema by ketoprofen suggests that COX inhibitors could be useful in treating the local inflammatory response to bites by these spiders.

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“…The sample was analyzed on an Ettan MALDI-ToF/Pro spectrometer (Amershan Biosciences) operating in reflectron mode. 9 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presynaptic Activity of an Isolated Fraction from Rhinella schneideri Poison

et al. 2018

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Purpose: Rhinella schneideri is a toad found in many regions of the South America. The poison of the glands has cardiotoxic effect in animals and neuromuscular effects in mice and avian preparation. The purpose of this work was to identify the toxin responsible for the neuromuscular effect in avian and mice neuromuscular preparation.Methods: The methanolic extract from R. schneideri poison was fractioned by reversed phase HPLC. The purity and molecular mass were determined by LC/MS mass spectrometry. Chick biventer cervicis and mouse phrenic-nerve diaphragm were used as neuromuscular preparations to identify the toxin.Results: The purification resulted in 32 fractions, which 4 of them were active in neuromuscular preparation. The toxin of fraction 20 were chosen for better reproducibility of the whole extract activity and its molecular mass was 730.6 Da. The toxin produced facilitation of the muscle contraction followed by a complete neuromuscular blockade in chick biventer cervicis preparation in 90 min without interfering with the exogenous response to ACh and KCl. The quantal content was increased from 128 ± 13 (control) to 216 ± 44 (after 5 min and sustained until 60 min) in the presence of the toxin.Conclusion: In conclusion, our results demonstrated that the neuromuscular action of the poison of Rhinella schneideri is a multitoxin effect. More, the present work first isolated a 730.6 Da toxin that better represent the whole poison neuromuscular effect, to which is attributed a presynaptic action in avian and mouse neuromuscular preparation.

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VdTX-1, a reversible nicotinic receptor antagonist isolated from venom of the spider Vitalius dubius (Theraphosidae)

Cited by 15 publications

References 23 publications

Purification and characterization of a hyaluronidase from venom of the spider Vitalius dubius (Araneae, Theraphosidae)

Purification and characterization of a hyaluronidase from venom of the spider Vitalius dubius (Araneae, Theraphosidae)

Pharmacological Characterization of the Edema Caused by Vitalius dubius (Theraphosidae, Mygalomorphae) Spider Venom in Rats

Presynaptic Activity of an Isolated Fraction from Rhinella schneideri Poison

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