Penile Cancer

Clark, Peter E.; Spiess, Philippe E.; Agarwal, Neeraj; Biagioli, Matthew C.; Eisenberger, Mario A.; Greenberg, Richard E.; Herr, Harry W.; Inman, Brant A.; Kuban, Deborah A.; Kuzel, Timothy M.; Lele, Subodh M.; Michalski, Jeff M.; Pagliaro, Lance C.; Pal, Sumanta K.; Patterson, Anthony; Plimack, Elizabeth R.; Pohar, Kamal S.; Porter, Michael P.; Richie, Jerome P.; Sexton, Wade J.; Shipley, William U.; Small, Eric J.; Trump, Donald L.; Wile, Geoffrey; Wilson, Timothy G.; Dwyer, Mary A.; Ho, Maria M.

doi:10.6004/jnccn.2013.0075

Cited by 156 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…Sarcomatoid squamous cell carcinoma of the penis represents only 1-2%, up to 4% [ 8 ], of all penile carcinomas and is considered to be a high-grade, aggressive variant of squamous cell carcinoma with a mortality rate of up to 67%, recurrence rate of 12% [ 9 ], and inguinal lymph node metastasis in 89% of the patients [ 8 ]. Misdiagnosis of penile desmoplastic melanoma as the highly aggressive sarcomatoid squamous cell carcinoma would thus result in unnecessary standard or modified inguinal lymph node dissection in the absence of palpable inguinal adenopathy [ 10 ]. Immediate inguinal lymph node dissection can be curative for penile sarcomatoid squamous cell carcinoma but may result in severe morbidity and wound complications and chronic lymphedema in patients with misdiagnosed penile desmoplastic melanoma [ 11 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary Desmoplastic Melanoma of the Penis

Chu

Liss

et al. 2015

Case Reports in Urology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary Desmoplastic Melanoma of the Penis

Chu

Liss

et al. 2015

Case Reports in Urology

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“…The early detection of metastases in lymph nodes is promising. Dynamic sentinel node biopsies (DSNB) has been recommended for clinical node negative patients with intermediate and high-risk stage in Europe [ 33 ], and sensitivity reached up to 88 and 90% with use of patent blue in a meta-analysis [ 13 ]. Nevertheless, the high expenses precludes its implementation in developing countries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of perineural invasion in penile cancer: a meta-analysis and systematic review

Zhou

et al. 2018

Bioscience Reports

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The significance of perineural invasion (PNI) present in penile cancer (PC) is controversial. In order to clarify the predictive role of PNI in the inguinal lymph node (ILN) metastases (ILNM) and oncologic outcome of patients, we performed this meta-analysis and systematic review. The search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science was conducted for appropriate studies, up to 20 January 2018. The pooled odds ratio (OR) and hazard ratio (HR) with their 95% confidence interval (CI) were applied to evaluate the difference in ILNM and oncologic outcome between patients present with PNI and those who were absent. A total of 298 in 1001 patients present with PNI were identified in current meta-analysis and systematic review. Significant difference was observed in ILNM between PNI present and absent from patients with PC (OR = 2.98, 95% CI = 2.00–4.45). Patients present with PNI had a worse cancer-specific survival (CSS) (HR = 3.58, 95% CI = 1.70–7.55) and a higher cancer-specific mortality (CSM) (HR = 2.20, 95% CI = 1.06–3.82) than those cases without PNI. This meta-analysis and systematic review demonstrated the predictive role of PNI in ILNM, CSS, and CSM for PC patients.

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“…TNM staging was assigned with reference to the American Join Committee on Cancer, 8th edition 16 . All patients were prescribed a follow-up regimen based on the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines, with physical examination every 3-6 months depending on nodal stage 17 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High serum CCL20 is associated with tumor progression in penile cancer

Tong

Huang

et al. 2020

J. Cancer

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Serum cancer biomarker has been proven to be very valuable in cancer diagnosis, disease monitoring and prognosis assessment, despite there is still a lack of serum biomarker for penile cancer (PC). Our initial analysis on public GEO dataset identified CCL20 as a top C-C motif ligand (CCL) gene enriched in PC. The patients with PC exhibited markedly higher preoperative serum CCL20 level than healthy control. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.855 with the sensitivity of 72.4%, and specificity of 93.5% to distinguish PC. Preoperative serum CCL20 level was significantly associated with clinicopathological characteristics including T stage ( P =0.005), nodal status ( P =0.008), and pelvic lymph node metastasis ( P =0.007). PC Patients with high serum CCL20 level had shorter disease-free survival compared to those with low level ( P <0.001). Cox regression analysis showed that serum CCL20 level could serve as an independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival with a HR of 3.980 (95% CI: 1.209-13.098, P =0.023). Furthermore, CCL20 expression was observed in PC tissues and cell lines. Knockdown of CCL20 expression markedly suppressed malignant phenotypes (cell proliferation, clonogenesis, apoptosis escape, migration and invasion), attenuated STAT3 and AKT signaling and reduced MMP2/9 secretion in PC cell lines. Consistently, CCL20 and its receptor CCR6 exhibited correlated expression pattern in PC tissues. In conclusion, serum CCL20 level might serve as a potential diagnostic and prognostic cancer biomarker for PC. CCL20 might activate multiple downstream oncogenic signaling pathways (STAT3, AKT, MMP2/9) to promote malignant progression of PC, which may warrant further investigation in the future.

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Penile Cancer

Cited by 156 publications

References 104 publications

Primary Desmoplastic Melanoma of the Penis

Primary Desmoplastic Melanoma of the Penis

The role of perineural invasion in penile cancer: a meta-analysis and systematic review

High serum CCL20 is associated with tumor progression in penile cancer

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