Serum biomarkers of papillary thyroid cancer

Abstract

ObjectiveTo identify serum biomarkers of papillary thyroid cancer.MethodsProspective analysis was performed of banked tumor and serum specimens from 99 patients with thyroid masses. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to measure levels of five serum proteins previously demonstrated to be up-regulated in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC): angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1), cytokeratin 19 (CK-19), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), chitinase 3 like-1 (YKL-40), and galectin-3 (GAL-3). Serum levels were compared between patients with PTC and those with benign tumors.ResultsA total of 99 patients were enrolled in the study (27 men, 72 women), with a median age of 54 years. Forty-three patients had PTC and 58 cases were benign tumors. There were no statistically significant differences when comparing all five different biomarkers between PTC and other benign thyroid tumors. The p-values were 0.94, 0.48, 0.72, 0.48, and 0.90 for YKL-40, Gal-3, CK19, TIMP-1, and Ang-1, respectively.ConclusionSerum levels of four of the five proteins were elevated in patients with thyroid masses relative to normal values. However, the difference between benign and PTC was not significant. Two of the markers (Gal-3 & TIMP-1) displayed a greater potential difference, which may warrant further investigation. This study suggests that other serum markers should be sought. This is the first study to investigate potential serum biomarkers based on over-expressed proteins in thyroid cancer versus benign pathology.

Serum Galectin-3: diagnostic value for papillary thyroid carcinoma

“…Data obtained during this study are consistent with those of previous studies by Saussez (32), Gang (35) and Makki et al (36), and serum Galectin-3 levels markedly increased in papillary thyroid malignancies.…”

“…Maki et al (36) have revealed markedly higher serum Galectin-3 levels in patients with papillary cancer compared with that in the control group.…”

Tiroid kanserinde moleküler etyolojik faktörler

“…Galektin-3 β galaktozidaz bağlayan spesifik bir proteindir. Kanser gelişimindeki rolü tam olarak bilinmemekle birlikte Gal-3 ün artmış ekspresyonunun tümör hücrelerinin adhezyon ve motilitelerini değiştirerek metastaz potansiyelini artırdıkları bildirilmektedir [11]. Birçok araştırma sonuçlarına göre Gal-3 özellikle papiller tiroid kanserlerinde olmak üzere differensiye tiroid kanserlerinde pozitiftir.…”

Circulating galectin-3 correlates with angiogenetic factors, indicators of nutritional condition and systemic inflammation in patients with thyroid cancer

“…Accumulating evidences have revealed an elevated concentration of serum galectin-3 in various cancers including breast 16) , colorectal 17,18) , stomach 19) , lung 16) , bladder 20) , head and neck 21) , liver 22) , melanoma 23) , pancreatic 24) , and thyroid [25][26][27][28][29] . As for thyroid cancer, Yılmaz et al reported that serum galectin-3 level was a significant biomarker to distinguish thyroid cancer from benign nodules 25) .…”

“…As for thyroid cancer, Yılmaz et al reported that serum galectin-3 level was a significant biomarker to distinguish thyroid cancer from benign nodules 25) . However, the significance of circulating galectin-3 as a biomarker is still controversial [26][27][28][29] . Recently, Chen et al reported that galectin-3 induces secretion of metastasis-promoting cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-6, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor Circulating galectin-3 correlates with angiogenetic factors, indicators of nutritional condition and systemic inflammation in patients with thyroid cancer Tatsuo Shimura 1) , Masahiko Shibata 2) , Kenji Gonda 2) , Takahiro Nakajima 3) , Shun Chida 3) , Masaru Noda 3) , Satoshi Suzuki 4) , Izumi Nakamura 4) , Keiichi Nakano 4) , Toshihiko Fukushima 4) , Shinichi Suzuki 4) (G-CSF), granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) 30) .…”