Lifetime cannabis use and cognition in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and their unaffected siblings

Sánchez‐Torres, Ana M.; Basterra, Virginia; Rosa, Araceli; Fañanás, Lourdes; Zarzuela, Amalia; Ibáñez, Berta; Peralta, Víctor; Cuesta, Manuel J.

doi:10.1007/s00406-013-0404-5

Cited by 28 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The findings are not inconsistent with the experimental data; it is likely that persons who smoke cannabis have higher premorbid IQ, as evidenced by their ability to procure an illegal substance while evading the law. Therefore, although continued cannabis use results in a decline in their individual cognitive performance (242, 248, 249), when compared to non-users they appear to have relatively better cognitive performance. Furthermore, abstinence from cannabis may be associated with better cognitive performance among male patients with schizophrenia (248).…”

Section: Delayed and Persistent Effects Of Cannabinoidsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Gone to Pot â€“ A Review of the Association between Cannabis and Psychosis

2014

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Cannabis is the most commonly used illicit drug worldwide, with ~5 million daily users worldwide. Emerging evidence supports a number of associations between cannabis and psychosis/psychotic disorders, including schizophrenia. These associations-based on case-studies, surveys, epidemiological studies, and experimental studies indicate that cannabinoids can produce acute, transient effects; acute, persistent effects; and delayed, persistent effects that recapitulate the psychopathology and psychophysiology seen in schizophrenia. Acute exposure to both cannabis and synthetic cannabinoids (Spice/K2) can produce a full range of transient psychotomimetic symptoms, cognitive deficits, and psychophysiological abnormalities that bear a striking resemblance to symptoms of schizophrenia. In individuals with an established psychotic disorder, cannabinoids can exacerbate symptoms, trigger relapse, and have negative consequences on the course of the illness. Several factors appear to moderate these associations, including family history, genetic factors, history of childhood abuse, and the age at onset of cannabis use. Exposure to cannabinoids in adolescence confers a higher risk for psychosis outcomes in later life and the risk is dose-related. Individuals with polymorphisms of COMT and AKT1 genes may be at increased risk for psychotic disorders in association with cannabinoids, as are individuals with a family history of psychotic disorders or a history of childhood trauma. The relationship between cannabis and schizophrenia fulfills many but not all of the standard criteria for causality, including temporality, biological gradient, biological plausibility, experimental evidence, consistency, and coherence. At the present time, the evidence indicates that cannabis may be a component cause in the emergence of psychosis, and this warrants serious consideration from the point of view of public health policy.

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Section: Delayed and Persistent Effects Of Cannabinoidsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Gone to Pot â€“ A Review of the Association between Cannabis and Psychosis

2014

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“…Cognitive alteration in patients with schizophrenia can be associated with cannabis use , negative and schizotypy symptoms and medical comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity . Other influencing factors include decreased gray matter density in the cerebellum , reduced blood omega‐3 fatty acids , N‐methyl‐d‐Aspartate receptor (NMDAR) hypofunction and inflammation .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long‐term cognitive trajectories and heterogeneity in patients with schizophrenia and their unaffected siblings

Islam

Habtewold

et al. 2018

Acta Psychiatr Scand

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ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the heterogeneity and stability of cognition in patients with a non‐affective psychotic disorder and their unaffected siblings. In addition, we aimed to predict the cognitive subtypes of siblings by their probands.MethodAssessments were conducted at baseline, 3 and 6 years in 1119 patients, 1059 siblings and 586 controls from the Genetic Risk and Outcome of Psychosis (GROUP) study. Group‐based trajectory modeling was applied to identify trajectories and clustered multinomial logistic regression analysis was used for prediction modeling. A composite score of eight neurocognitive tests was used to measure cognitive performance.ResultsFive stable cognitive trajectories ranging from severely altered to high cognitive performance were identified in patients. Likewise, four stable trajectories ranging from moderately altered to high performance were found in siblings. Siblings had a higher risk of cognitive alteration when patients’ alteration was mild (OR = 2.21), moderate (OR = 5.70), and severe (OR = 10.07) compared with patients with intact cognitive function. The familial correlation coefficient between pairs of index patients and their siblings was 0.27 (P = 0.003).ConclusionsThe cognitive profiles identified in the current study might be suitable as endophenotypes and could be used in future genetic studies and predicting functional and clinical outcomes.

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“…Recently, Weibell et al found that patients who had quit cannabis use in the first two years of the disease had similar outcomes at 10‐year follow‐up to those who had never used cannabis and fewer symptoms than persistent or sporadic users who presented more severe negative symptomatology and lower remission rates. In terms of cognitive functioning, in the 10‐year follow‐up study of Sanchez‐Torres et al , no significant correlations were found between the lifetime cannabis consumption and cognitive performance in their sample of patients affected by schizophrenia spectrum disorders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Stopping cannabis use benefits outcome in psychosis: findings from 10‐year follow‐up study in the PAFIP‐cohort

Setién-Suero

Neergaard

Foz

et al. 2019

Acta Psychiatr Scand

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Objective: To examine the long-term (up to 10 years) patterns related to cannabis use in a sample of patients with first episode of psychosis (FEP) and the effect that consumption might have on clinical, functioning, and neurocognition at long-term. Methods: Cannabis use was described in 209 FEP patients. Patients were divided into three groups according to cannabis use: persistent users, ex-users, and never-users. Groups were longitudinally (baseline and 10-year follow-up) compared on clinical, functional, and cognitive variables. Results: Clinical differences at 10-year follow-up were observed between persistent cannabis users and the other two groups (ex-users and never-users), showing persistent users more severe symptoms (BPRS: x 2 = 15.583, P ≤ 0.001; SAPS: x 2 = 12.386, P = 0.002) and poorer functionality (DAS: x 2 = 6.067, P = 0.048; GAF: x 2 = 6.635, P = 0.033). Patients who stopped cannabis use prior to the reassessment showed a similar pattern to those who had never consumed. Conclusion: The use of cannabis could negatively affect the evolution of the psychotic disorder. Perhaps the negative effects caused by cannabis use could be reversed with the cessation of consumption. It is necessary to make an effort in the intervention toward an early withdrawal from the use of cannabis, since this could play an important role in the prognosis of the disease. Significant outcomes• Cannabis FEP patients have a worse course of the disease. • FEP patients who abandon cannabis do not differ from those who had never consumed. Limitations• The quality and quantity of cannabis used was not taken into account. This is a limitation, particularly because it has been found that cannabis potency can influence patient outcome.

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Lifetime cannabis use and cognition in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and their unaffected siblings

Cited by 28 publications

References 49 publications

Gone to Pot â€“ A Review of the Association between Cannabis and Psychosis

Gone to Pot â€“ A Review of the Association between Cannabis and Psychosis

Long‐term cognitive trajectories and heterogeneity in patients with schizophrenia and their unaffected siblings

Stopping cannabis use benefits outcome in psychosis: findings from 10‐year follow‐up study in the PAFIP‐cohort

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