The Schistosomula Tegument Antigen as a Potential Candidate for the Early Serological Diagnosis of Schistosomiasis Mansoni

Grenfell, Rafaella Fortini Queiroz; Martins, Watson; Silva-Moraes, Vanessa; Araújo, Neusa; Oliveira, Edward; Fonseca, Cristina Toscano; Coelho, Paulo Marcos Zech

doi:10.1590/s0036-46652013000200002

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…As the host is exposed (internally) to cercariae and schistosomula earlier than they are exposed to eggs, antigens that are highly expressed or solely expressed in one of these two stages are likely be potential candidates for early diagnosis. For example, previous studies of the schistosomula (mechanically transformed cercariae) tegument antigen revealed this antigen had diagnostic value for early infections [ 19 ]. In this study, we found that antigens SjSP-13, SjSP-160 and SjSP-216 were highly expressed in young worms, while antigens, SjSP-23, SjSP-164 and SjSP-189 were highly expressed in eggs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have revealed that the reactivity of antibodies against crude worm antigens remains low until the infections become patent in the experimental hosts [ 17 , 18 ]. Therefore, the ideal immunodiagnostic assay to detect early infections would use antigens from the schistosomula or cercariae [ 19 ]. However, it is notoriously difficult to extract antigens from the schistosomula or cercariae.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of six novel antigens as potential biomarkers for the early immunodiagnosis of schistosomiasis

Zhang

Zhao

et al. 2015

Parasites Vectors

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BackgroundEarly diagnosis of schistosomiasis, prior to egg laying, would enable earlier treatment and help interrupt the transmission cycle of the parasite and the progress of the disease. Previously we identified six novel antigens with potential as diagnostic markers for human Schistosoma japonicum infections. In this study, we evaluated these antigens as candidate biomarkers for the early diagnosis of schistosomiasis in mice and rabbits.MethodsThe transcriptional profiles of the six antigens (SjSP-13, SjSP-23, SjSP-160, SjSP-164, SjSP-189 and SjSP-216) at different developmental stages were analyzed by quantitative PCR. The recombinant proteins were expressed in E. coli and purified with nickel chelate affinity chromatography. We then developed recombinant protein-based ELISA kits to analyze the kinetics of antigen-specific antibodies during the course of infection in mice and rabbits. The early diagnostic validity of the candidate SjSP-216 was further evaluated in mice and rabbits infected with S. japonicum.ResultsOf the six antigens, SjSP-13, SjSP-160 and SjSP-216 were highly expressed in 21-day old young worms, while SjSP-23, SjSP-164 and SjSP-189 were highly expressed in eggs. In the mouse model, we detected a significant increase in antibodies against SjSP-13 and SjSP-216 at 3 weeks post-infection. However, in the rabbit model, only anti-SjSP-216 antibody showed a significant increase at this time point. We recorded 100 % diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of SjSP-216-based ELISA in both infected mice and rabbits, 3 weeks after infection.ConclusionsThis study strongly suggests that SjSP-216, a highly expressed gene in the young worms, could serve as a potential biomarker for the early immunodiagnosis of S. japonicum infections in vertebrate hosts.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-015-1048-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of six novel antigens as potential biomarkers for the early immunodiagnosis of schistosomiasis

Zhang

Zhao

et al. 2015

Parasites Vectors

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“…Despite the limitations of antibody detection-based diagnosis in discriminating current from past infection, its high sensitivity provides advantages for detecting schistosomiasis cases in low-endemic areas [16,20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is currently acknowledged that the KK test lacks sensitivity especially in low endemic areas [14]. The search for a reliable tool for monitoring and surveillance of schistosomiasis has led to various antigens being investigated for sero-diagnostic tests [15]: schistosomula tegumental antigens [16,17], soluble egg antigens (SEA) [18], soluble worm antigen preparation (SWAP), and cercarial transformation fluid [19,20]. Tests based on the detection of specific antibodies against these antigens provide variable advantages and drawbacks that limit their applicability [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tandem repeat recombinant proteins as potential antigens for the sero-diagnosis of Schistosoma mansoni infection

Kalenda

Kato

Goto

et al. 2015

Parasitology International

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The diagnosis of schistosome infection, followed by effective treatment and/or mass drug administration, is crucial to reduce the disease burden. Suitable diagnostic tests and field-applicable tools are required to sustain schistosomiasis control programs. We therefore assessed the potential of tandem repeat (TR) proteins for serodiagnosis of Schistosoma mansoni infection using an experimental mouse model. TR genes in the genome of S. mansoni were searched in silico and 7 candidates, named SmTR1, 3, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 15, were selected. Total RNA was extracted from S. mansoni adult worms and eggs. Target TR genes were amplified, cloned, and the proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli competent cells. Female BALB/c mice were infected with 100 S. mansoni cercariae and sera were collected each week post-infection for 18 weeks. The levels of IgG antibodies to SmTR antigens were compared to those to soluble egg antigen (SEA) and to soluble worm antigen preparation (SWAP). Sera of infected mice reacted to all the antigens whereas those of naïve mice did not. IgG responses to SmTR1, 3, 9 and 10 were detected at the early stage of infection. Interestingly, antibodies reacting to SmTR3, 9, 10 and 15 dramatically decreased 4 weeks after treatment with praziquantel, while those against SEA and SWAP remained elevated. Our study suggests that TR proteins, especially SmTR10, may be suitable antigens for sero-diagnosis of infection by S. mansoni and are potential markers for monitoring and surveillance of schistosomiasis, including re-infection after treatment with praziquantel.

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“…Currently, the available antibody detection immunoassays make use of antigens derived from the eggs and adult worms 14 , 15 . The application of schistosomula antigens as an immunodiagnostic method for early detection of Schistosoma infection has been previously explored among travelers and acute patients 10 , 12 , however, little is known about its suitability for evaluation of chronic infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of schistosomula crude antigen (SCA) as a diagnostic tool for Schistosoma mansoni in low endemic human population

Oyeyemi

Corsini

Gonçalves

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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The study aimed to determine the potential of schistosomula crude antigen (SCA) as a diagnostic target for anti-S. mansoni antibody detection. Cercariae were transformed into schistosomula, homogenized through sonication, and then centrifuged to obtain the SCA. SCA was evaluated using ELISA and dot blots immunoassays on 30 S. mansoni infected sera samples obtained from chronic patients and 30 non-infected humans’ sera samples. Either Kato-Katz or saline gradient method or both were employed as the diagnostic reference. Dot blots immunoassay was further performed on protein eluted from 10 to 12 kDa immunoreactive band identified by Western blot analysis. The area under the ROC curve was 0.95 (AUC 0.95, CI 0.88–1.01, p < 0.0001). The sensitivity and specificity of SCA-ELISA and dot blots assays were 96.67% and 86.67% respectively. The human IgG-specific response against SCA was significantly higher in S. mansoni infected individuals (OD = 0.678 ± 0.249) compared to the non-infected population (OD = 0.235 ± 0.136) (p < 0.0001). Our study showed that SCA and its 10–12 kDa component could be useful as diagnostic tools for chronic schistosomiasis.

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The Schistosomula Tegument Antigen as a Potential Candidate for the Early Serological Diagnosis of Schistosomiasis Mansoni

Cited by 11 publications

References 13 publications

Evaluation of six novel antigens as potential biomarkers for the early immunodiagnosis of schistosomiasis

Evaluation of six novel antigens as potential biomarkers for the early immunodiagnosis of schistosomiasis

Tandem repeat recombinant proteins as potential antigens for the sero-diagnosis of Schistosoma mansoni infection

Evaluation of schistosomula crude antigen (SCA) as a diagnostic tool for Schistosoma mansoni in low endemic human population

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