“…Nearly half of all high signal intensity areas in the sternum were located at the manubriosternal joint, equivalent to a previous study in adults by Jurik et al [43]. In a cohort of 75 healthy individuals and 122 spondylarthritis patients, bone marrow signal mimicking inflammatory changes at the manubriosternal joint was a frequent finding in the healthy cohort.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 83%
“…In a cohort of 75 healthy individuals and 122 spondylarthritis patients, bone marrow signal mimicking inflammatory changes at the manubriosternal joint was a frequent finding in the healthy cohort. Manubriosternal joint inflammation is reported to be common in adults with rheumatoid diseases [43][44][45][46][47][48], whereas data on children are lacking. However, in our own experience this site may occasionally be involved in children with CNO.…”
“…Nearly half of all high signal intensity areas in the sternum were located at the manubriosternal joint, equivalent to a previous study in adults by Jurik et al [43]. In a cohort of 75 healthy individuals and 122 spondylarthritis patients, bone marrow signal mimicking inflammatory changes at the manubriosternal joint was a frequent finding in the healthy cohort.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 83%
“…In a cohort of 75 healthy individuals and 122 spondylarthritis patients, bone marrow signal mimicking inflammatory changes at the manubriosternal joint was a frequent finding in the healthy cohort. Manubriosternal joint inflammation is reported to be common in adults with rheumatoid diseases [43][44][45][46][47][48], whereas data on children are lacking. However, in our own experience this site may occasionally be involved in children with CNO.…”
“…The movements of the shoulder are integrated by the contribution of ACJ and SCJ; SCJ is innervated by C3-C6 branches, with potential pain and irradiation Open Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation [34] [64]. The evaluation of this area is important, because it may be asymptomatic in many patients with TOS if not actively solicited by an operator [65]. In the last part of the manual assessment the scalene muscles are palpated to perceive their tone, even testing their elastic ability; for this evaluation, the operator is placed posteriorly to the patient's head.…”
Section: The Third Phase: the Patient Being Supinementioning
The present article comprehensively reviews the thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS), its etiology and assessment, with reference to the usual conservative treatment and surgical therapy, highlighting new definitions and reporting obsolete tests. The syndrome affects about 8% of the population, with higher prevalence in females, and rarely affects the children. Conservative, non-surgical treatment produces good results, and it becomes important to know which specific areas need to be treated. Currently, there is no rehabilitation scheme, either osteopathic or chiropractic, considered as a valid tool for a precise localization of the pathologic condition, probably due to the lack of a manual assessment process to evaluate bones and muscular components of the thoracic outlet. In this situation, the manual treatment performed is usually generic. The present article proposes a manual evaluation that can be used to identify the anatomical area which needs to be treated. This hypothesis of assessment should be carried out after the clinician has ruled out the necessity of surgery with instrumental examinations.
“…Il est cependant important de noter que de « faux positifs » sont possibles pour les lésions d'oedème osseux, d'érosions, ou de signal graisseux de l'os sous-chondral [7].…”
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