“…The disease is caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. M ., a seed- and soil-borne fungal pathogen that can infect nearly 500 plant species in more than 100 families 10 – 13 , including important crops such as peanut, cabbage, pepper, chickpea, soybean, sunflower, sweet potato, alfalfa, sesame, potato, sorghum, wheat, and corn 11 , 14 – 16 . In sesame, charcoal rot occurs mainly at the end stage of flowering to maturity, with black spots initiating from the root or stem during hot and dry weather or under unfavourable environmental stresses 17 – 19 .…”