Omega-3 fatty acids, polymorphisms and lipid related cardiovascular disease risk factors in the Inuit population

Abstract

BackgroundTissue concentrations of fatty acids (FAs) and genetic variations are well-known factors which affect the cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. The objective was to examine whether the genetic variability of 20 candidate genes and red blood cells (RBCs) percentage of total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), a biomarker of dietary n-3 PUFA intake, modulate lipid related CVD risk factors in the Inuit population.MethodsData from the Qanuippitaa Nunavik Health Survey (n = 553) were analysed via multivariate regression models with 40 known polymorphisms, RBCs percentage of n-3 PUFA, and the interaction term to take into account the effect on plasma lipid and apolipoporotein levels.ResultsIndividuals being heterozygotes for CETP C-4502T (rs183130) or G-971A (rs4783961) together with higher n-3 PUFA had lower triacylglycerol (TG) concentrations compared to homozygotes for the minor allele. Further, effects of a stronger beneficial association between n-3 PUFA in RBCs and plasma lipid parameters- including lower total cholesterol (TC), lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) or higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations- were associated with AGT M235T (rs699) TT genotype, CETP G-971A (rs4783961) AG genotype, T allele carriers of CETP C-4502T (rs183130), and T allele carriers of CETP Ile405Val (rs5882). In contrast, higher n-3 PUFA in RBCs were associated with adverse lipid profiles- including increased LDL-C, increased apolipoprotein B100 or decreased HDL-C concentrations- in G allele carriers of the APOA5 -3 A/G (rs651821), C allele carriers of APOA5 T-1131C (rs662799), G carriers of APOC3 SstI (rs5128) and G carriers of APOA4 Asn147Ser (rs5104).ConclusionOverall, these results suggest that percentage of total n-3 PUFA of RBCs are associated with lipids related CVD risk factors conferred by genetic variations in the Inuit population.

Fish consumption and risk of rheumatoid arthritis: a dose-response meta-analysis

“…Smoking [ 2 ] and alcohol consumption [ 3 , 4 ] have been linked to the development of RA, but little is known about other modifiable risk factors. Among dietary factors, fish consumption is of particular interest due to its role in primary prevention of several chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease [ 5 , 6 ]. Moreover, fish is rich in long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, which have been shown to be beneficial in primary [ 7 ] and secondary prevention [ 8 ] of RA.…”

Associations of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) gene variants with pituitary adenoma

“…Association between CETP and dyslipidemia is known and studied [15][16][20][21][22] . Kuivenhoven et al have proved that CETP rs708272 polymorphism's B1 allele was linked with higher CETP and lower HDL-C levels 16 .…”

“…CETP is synthesized and secreted in many tissues and organs including the brain 19 . It is known that high plasma concentrations of CETP are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases [15][16][20][21][22] . CETP could also be associated with many diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases [23][24][25][26][27][28] , dementia [24][25][26]28 and cancer 29 .…”

Genetic study of the Arctic CPT1A variant suggests that its effect on fatty acid levels is modulated by traditional Inuit diet

“…Cell membranes of lysed cells were isolated by centrifugation and washed twice with 0.9% NaCl solution. A chloroform-methanol mixture (2:1, v/v) was used to extract lipids [21], and the phospholipid fraction, consisting of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and sphingomyelin, was obtained by thin layer chromatography. Phospholipid fatty acids were transmethylated and a total of 40 fatty acids were separated by capillary gas-liquid chromatography [22] and measured as a percentage of total membrane phospholipid fatty acids.…”