Depletion study and estimation of the withdrawal period for enrofloxacin in pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus)

Abstract

Defining the pharmacokinetic parameters and depletion intervals for antimicrobials used in fish will help in the development of important guidelines for future regulations by Brazilian agencies on the use of these substances in fish farming. This paper presents a depletion study for enrofloxacin (ENR) and its main metabolite, ciprofloxacin (CIP), in pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) fillets. The depletion study was carried out under monitored environmental conditions, with the temperature controlled at 27 °C to mimic the fish farming conditions in Brazil. ENR was administered orally via medicated feed for 10 consecutive days at daily dosages of 10 mg/kg body weight (b.w.). The fish were slaughtered at 6, 12, and 24 h and 2, 3, 5, 8, 12, 17, and 24 days after the medication period. Considering a maximum residue limit of 100 μg/kg for the sum of the ENR and CIP residues in the fillet, the results obtained in the depletion study allowed the estimation of a half-life for ENR of 2.75 days and a withdrawal period of 23 days. The results obtained in this study are important for the farming of pacu in tropical regions.

Clinical Efficacy and Residue Depletion of 10% Enrofloxacin Enteric-Coated Granules in Pigs

“…For the WDT of ENR, our findings in pigs were 5 days, which was similar to 5 or 6 days in poultry in previous reports (San Martin et al, 2010; Terrado-Campos et al, 2017). The previous studies revealed that after exposure to ENR at a dose of 10 mg/kg, the WDT was 5, 7, and 10 days in pigs (Delsol et al, 2004; San et al, 2007; Liu et al, 2011), and 23 days in piaractus mesopotamicus (Luo et al, 2010), most of which was far longer than that in our study (Wiuff et al, 2002; San et al, 2007; Godoy et al, 2011; Paschoal et al, 2013). Therefore, EEG had an advantage with a short WDT.…”

“…Previous reports had established a close link between the respiratory disease risk and the productivity decrease in animals (Godoy et al, 2011; Paschoal et al, 2013; Hassanpouraghdam et al, 2015; Sala et al, 2015). Generally, the strain with MIC 95 or MIC 90 was the preference for establishment of infection model and indicators for clinical treatment.…”

Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Distribution of Enrofloxacin Following Single Oral Administration in Yellow River Carp (Cyprinus carpio haematoperus)

“…The plasma pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin has been reported in some fish species, such as crucian carp (11,12), large yellow croaker (13), tilapia (14), snakehead fish (15), brown turbot (16), and salmonids (17). In addition to those pharmacokinetics studies, the tissue distribution of enrofloxacin has also been reported in aquaculture species, including northern snakeheads (18), rainbow trout (19,20), grass carp (21), largemouth bass (22), and pacu (23). Those previous results indicated that the plasma and tissues kinetics of enrofloxacin might be strongly influenced by fish species, body conditions, routes of administration, water temperature, and other environmental factors.…”

Depletion study and estimation of withdrawal periods for florfenicol and florfenicol amine in pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus)

“…Freshwater colossomid fish, particularly pacu ( P. mesopotamicus ), are widely farmed in many South American countries, with estimated annual production reaching 150,000 tons in Brazil alone (Fontes, Nikolik, Rasmussen & Ikeda, ). Pacu has a high carcass lipid content, which is a factor that can directly affect drug metabolism by the species (Paschoal, Quesada, Gonçalves, Cyrino & Reyes, ).…”