Color vision impairments among shipyard workers exposed to mixed organic solvents, especially xylene

Lee, Eun-Hee; Paek, Domyung; Kho, Younglim; Choi, Kyungho; Chae, Hong Jae

doi:10.1016/j.ntt.2013.02.005

Cited by 17 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Participants who had histories of exposure to organic solvent vapors were excluded from the control groups. Furthermore, participants with ophthalmic impairments or strabismus, those who had received neurotoxic drug treatments over the past 6 months, and those with cerebrovascular disease (Lee et al, 2007 , 2013 ) were excluded from all groups. Those practicing regular physical activity were also excluded because blood flow to the liver and kidneys decreases with exercise, which can decrease the biotransformation of metabolized solvents and urinary elimination (Klaassen and Watkins, 2012 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Organic Solvent Exposure Changes Visual Tracking in Men and Women

et al. 2017

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Organic solvents can change CNS sensory and motor function. Eye-movement analyses can be important tools when investigating the neurotoxic changes that result from chronic organic solvent exposure. The current research measured the eye-movement patterns of men and women with and without histories of chronic organic solvent exposure. A total of 44 volunteers between 18 and 41 years old participated in this study; 22 were men (11 exposed and 11 controls), and 22 were women (11 exposed and 11 controls). Eye movement was evaluated using a 250-Hz High-Speed Video Eye Tracker Toolbox (Cambridge Research Systems) via an image of a maze. Specific body indices of exposed and non-exposed men and women were measured with an Inbody 720 to determine whether the differences in eye-movement patterns were associated with body composition. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 20.0.0. The results indicated that exposed adults showed significantly more fixations (t = 3.82; p = 0.001; r = 0.51) and longer fixations (t = 4.27; p = 0.001, r = 0.54) than their non-exposed counterparts. Comparisons within men (e.g., exposed and non-exposed) showed significant differences in the number of fixations (t = 2.21; p = 0.04; r = 0.20) and duration of fixations (t = 3.29; p = 0.001; r = 0.35). The same was true for exposed vs. non-exposed women, who showed significant differences in the number of fixations (t = 3.10; p = 0.001; r = 0.32) and fixation durations (t = 2.76; p = 0.01; r = 0.28). However, the results did not show significant differences between exposed women and men in the number and duration of fixations. No correlations were found between eye-movement pattern and body composition measures (p > 0.05). These results suggest that chronic organic solvent exposure affects eye movements, regardless of sex and body composition, and that eye tracking contributes to the investigation of the visual information processing disorders acquired by workers exposed to organic solvents.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Organic Solvent Exposure Changes Visual Tracking in Men and Women

et al. 2017

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“…The minimum value of CCI is one; values higher than one indicate color vision impairment. Each eye was examined separately in high mesopic light conditions and at a distance of 50 cm from the person because the acquired color vision defect can be monocular and asymmetric [9]. The obtained data were statistically analyzed with SPSS, version 22.…”

Section: What This Article Addsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Color Vision in the Gas Station Workers of Isfahan City: A Quantitative Analysis With the Farnsworth D15 Color Test

et al. 2021

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Background and Objectives: The color vision evaluation of gas station workers in Isfahan City. Methods: This cross-sectional comparative study was performed on workers at gas stations in Isfahan; all the workers were men. The participants were divided into two 40-people groups of exposure and non-exposure (the members of the fuel sales department). The participants had better vision than 8/10 and no underlying problems or eye disease. Besides, examination, including color vision was performed for all subjects. Color vision was assessed using the D15 test under high to medium light conditions. Also, the color vision test was performed monocularly. Then, the obtained data were analyzed using SPSS V. 22. Results: The two study groups significantly differed in terms of color vision impairment index (P <0.001). Also, more color vision defects were seen in the group exposed to gasoline. The color confusion index (as the indicator of color vision defects) were 1.485 and 1.129 in exposure and non-exposure to gasoline groups, respectively. Thus, color vision defects were significantly higher in the exposure to gasoline group, compared with the control group. Conclusion: The results of this study showed a difference in color vision index between the two groups. Therefore, long-term exposure to organic solvents, such as gasoline in fuel stations may cause color vision loss.

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“…Among these VOCs are toluene, cyclohexane and hexane, which are hydrocarbons that have been used in the manufacture of solvents, adhesives, oils, lacquers, cleaning products, paints, resins, coatings, inks, fats, synthetic fragrances, waxes, polymers for nylon and plastic soda bottles, colorants, rubber, drying glues and cement, polyurethanes, bitumen, nail cosmetics and pharmaceuticals [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ]. These compounds have many uses, but it is interesting to study their adsorption because they can also generate adverse health effects such as harming the central nervous system; irritating the eyes, mucous membranes and skin; nausea, lightheadedness, dizziness, headaches, fainting, throat and respiratory tract disorders; vomiting; and lack of coordination; in the case of toluene, this is a carcinogenic and neurotoxic mutagenic agent [ 21 , 24 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enthalpic and Liquid-Phase Adsorption Study of Toluene–Cyclohexane and Toluene–Hexane Binary Systems on Modified Activated Carbons

2021

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The liquid-phase adsorption of toluene in cyclohexane and hexane solutions on modified activated carbons was evaluated; the energy involved in the interaction between these solutions and the solids was determined by immersion enthalpies of pure solvents and their mixtures, and the contribution of the system constituents was calculated by differential enthalpies. The thermal treatment generated modifications that favored adsorption and interaction with the evaluated solutions, since it increased the textural parameters and the basic character of the samples. Cyclohexane could create greater competition with the adsorption sites compared to hexane, but it favored the increase in adsorption capacities (0.416 to 1.026 mmol g−1) and the interactions with the solid evaluated through the immersion enthalpies. The immersion enthalpies of pure solvents (−16.36 to −112.7 J g−1) and mixtures (−25.65 to −104.34 J g−1) had exothermic behaviors that were decreasing due to the possible displacement of solvent molecules when increasing the solute concentration in the mixtures. The differential enthalpies for toluene were negative (−18.63 to −2.14 J), mainly due to the π–π interaction with the solid, while those of the solvent–solid component tended to be positive values (−4.25 to 55.97 J) due to the displacement of the solvent molecules by those of toluene.

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Color vision impairments among shipyard workers exposed to mixed organic solvents, especially xylene

Cited by 17 publications

References 26 publications

Chronic Organic Solvent Exposure Changes Visual Tracking in Men and Women

Chronic Organic Solvent Exposure Changes Visual Tracking in Men and Women

Color Vision in the Gas Station Workers of Isfahan City: A Quantitative Analysis With the Farnsworth D15 Color Test

Enthalpic and Liquid-Phase Adsorption Study of Toluene–Cyclohexane and Toluene–Hexane Binary Systems on Modified Activated Carbons

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