Polyploidization in<i>Heuchera cylindrica</i>(Saxifragaceae) did not result in a shift in climatic requirements

Godsoe, William; Larson, Megan A.; Glennon, Kelsey L.; Segraves, Kari A.

doi:10.3732/ajb.1200275

Cited by 65 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 103 publications

(127 reference statements)

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“…niche modelling, genetic analyses, transplant experiments, etc.) have produced the same assortment of outcomes [118][119][120]. Here, rather than review previously proposed hypotheses of the distributions of polyploids relative to their parents in specific regions (e.g.…”

Section: (G) Novel Niches and Geographical Distributionsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Recent publications have assessed polyploid ecogeography using these techniques in a variety of systems [116,[118][119][120]131]; however, few conclusive patterns have emerged. Future studies must take into account phylogeny, type of polyploid and a wide variety of ecological variables at a scope so far unattained, yet achievable with current digitized resources.…”

Section: (G) Novel Niches and Geographical Distributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polyploidy and novelty: Gottlieb's legacy

Soltis

Liu

Marchant

et al. 2014

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

154

140

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Nearly four decades ago, Roose & Gottlieb (Roose & Gottlieb 1976 Evolution 30 , 818–830. ( doi:10.2307/2407821 )) showed that the recently derived allotetraploids Tragopogon mirus and T. miscellus combined the allozyme profiles of their diploid parents ( T. dubius and T. porrifolius , and T. dubius and T. pratensis , respectively). This classic paper addressed the link between genotype and biochemical phenotype and documented enzyme additivity in allopolyploids. Perhaps more important than their model of additivity, however, was their demonstration of novelty at the biochemical level. Enzyme multiplicity—the production of novel enzyme forms in the allopolyploids—can provide an extensive array of polymorphism for a polyploid individual and may explain, for example, the expanded ranges of polyploids relative to their diploid progenitors. In this paper, we extend the concept of evolutionary novelty in allopolyploids to a range of genetic and ecological features. We observe that the dynamic nature of polyploid genomes—with alterations in gene content, gene number, gene arrangement, gene expression and transposon activity—may generate sufficient novelty that every individual in a polyploid population or species may be unique. Whereas certain combinations of these features will undoubtedly be maladaptive, some unique combinations of newly generated variation may provide tremendous evolutionary potential and adaptive capabilities.

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Section: (G) Novel Niches and Geographical Distributionsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: (G) Novel Niches and Geographical Distributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyploidy and novelty: Gottlieb's legacy

Soltis

Liu

Marchant

et al. 2014

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

154

140

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…For example, diploid and hexaploid populations of Aster amellus are allopatric and occur in habitats that on average differ in degree of competition intensity, but in a common garden experiment there was no relationship between ploidy level and performance under competition [222]. Similarly, ecological niche modelling failed to identify climatic differences between populations of diploid and autotetraploid Heuchera cylindrica despite their spatial segregation across the US Pacific Northwest [206]. Among comparisons that are statistically significant, cytotype differences tend to more often be quantitative than qualitative, as recognized by Mü ntzing [1] many years ago.…”

Section: The Modern Era (A) An Influx Of Population Biologists (1980smentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological studies of polyploidy in the 100 years following its discovery

Ramsey

2014

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

245

237

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Polyploidy is a mutation with profound phenotypic consequences and thus hypothesized to have transformative effects in plant ecology. This is most often considered in the context of geographical and environmental distributions—as achieved from divergence of physiological and life-history traits—but may also include species interactions and biological invasion. This paper presents a historical overview of hypotheses and empirical data regarding the ecology of polyploids. Early researchers of polyploidy (1910s–1930s) were geneticists by training but nonetheless savvy to its phenotypic effects, and speculated on the importance of genome duplication to adaptation and crop improvement. Cytogenetic studies in the 1930s–1950s indicated that polyploids are larger (sturdier foliage, thicker stems and taller stature) than diploids while cytogeographic surveys suggested that polyploids and diploids have allopatric or parapatric distributions. Although autopolyploidy was initially regarded as common, influential writings by North American botanists in the 1940s and 1950s argued for the principle role of allopolyploidy; according to this view, genome duplication was significant for providing a broader canvas for hybridization rather than for its phenotypic effects per se . The emphasis on allopolyploidy had a chilling effect on nascent ecological work, in part due to taxonomic challenges posed by interspecific hybridization. Nonetheless, biosystematic efforts over the next few decades (1950s–1970s) laid the foundation for ecological research by documenting cytotype distributions and identifying phenotypic correlates of polyploidy. Rigorous investigation of polyploid ecology was achieved in the 1980s and 1990s by population biologists who leveraged flow cytometry for comparative work in autopolyploid complexes. These efforts revealed multi-faceted ecological and phenotypic differences, some of which may be direct consequences of genome duplication. Several classical hypotheses about the ecology of polyploids remain untested, however, and allopolyploidy—regarded by most botanists as the primary mode of genome duplication—is largely unstudied in an ecological context.

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“…Are such small differences in floral size likely to affect pollinator attraction? It has been proposed that changes in floral traits induced by polyploidy may promote a decrease in the frequency of interploidy pollination, thus allowing for the establishment of newly formed polyploids (Husband and Sabara, 2004;Kennedy et al, 2006;Godsoe et al, 2013). A few studies have provided evidence supporting the above prediction (Husband and Schemske, 2000;Kennedy et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Conversely, other studies, including reciprocal transplantation experiments, reported no niche differentiation between polyploids and their related diploids (Baack and Stanton, 2005;Godsoe et al, 2013;Glennon et al, 2014;L opez-Alvarez et al, 2015). Therefore, other mechanisms, including limited seed and pollen dispersal (Baack, 2005) and the capability of polyploids to colonize recently deglaciated areas (Stebbins, 1984;Brochmann et al, 2004;Godsoe et al, 2013;Theodoridis et al, 2013), have been invoked to explain the establishment of polyploids.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do floral and niche shifts favour the establishment and persistence of newly arisen polyploids? A case study in an Alpine primrose

Casazza

Boucher

Minuto

et al. 2016

Ann Bot

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Background and Aims Polyploidization plays a key role in plant evolution. Despite the generally accepted 'minority-cytotype exclusion' theory, the specific mechanisms leading to successful establishment and persistence of new polyploids remain controversial. The majority of newly formed polyploids do not become established, because they are less common, have fewer potential mates or may not be able to compete successfully with co-occurring progenitors at lower ploidy levels. Changes in floral traits and ecological niches have been proposed as important mechanisms to overcome this initial frequency-dependent disadvantage. The aim of this study was to determine whether dodecaploids of the heterostylous P. marginata differ from their hexaploid progenitors in P. marginata and P. allionii for selected floral traits and ecological preferences that might be involved in establishment and persistence, providing a possible explanation for the origin of polyploidized populations.Methods Floral morphological traits and ecological niche preferences among dodecaploids and their hexaploid progenitors in P. marginata and P. allionii, all restricted to the south-western Alps, were quantified and compared Key Results Differences in floral traits were detected between dodecaploids and their closest relatives, but such differences might be too weak to counter the strength of minority cytotype disadvantage and are unlikely to enable the coexistence of different cytotypes. Furthermore, the results suggest the preservation of full distyly and no transition to selfing in dodecaploids. Finally, dodecaploids occur almost exclusively in environments that are predicted to be suitable also for their closest hexaploid relatives.Conclusions In light of the results, P. marginata dodecaploids have probably been able to establish and persist by occupying geographical areas not yet filled by their closest relatives without significant evolution in their climatic and pollination niches. Dispersal limitation and minority-cytotype exclusion probably maintain their current range disjunct from those of its close relatives.

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Polyploidization inHeuchera cylindrica(Saxifragaceae) did not result in a shift in climatic requirements

Abstract: Climatic niche differentiation does not explain the geographic distribution of tetraploid Heuchera cylindrica. We propose instead that tetraploid lineages were able to establish by taking advantage of glacial retreat and expanding into previously unoccupied sites.

Cited by 65 publications

References 103 publications

Polyploidy and novelty: Gottlieb's legacy

Polyploidy and novelty: Gottlieb's legacy

Ecological studies of polyploidy in the 100 years following its discovery

Do floral and niche shifts favour the establishment and persistence of newly arisen polyploids? A case study in an Alpine primrose

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