“…It was demonstrated that this down-regulation of miR-1-1 in such patients directly correlated with an increased level of its predicted target genes GJA1 (Gap junction alpha-1) and SOX9 (SRY-Box 9). Likewise, this microarray analysis of VSD samples also identified an up-regulation of miR-181c, which regulates the expression of BMPR2 (Bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2), a protein which is involved in valvulogenesis and septal formation (44,47). Transcribed from the same locus in a bicistronic manner miR-133a-1/miR-1-2 and miR-133a-2/miR-1-1 are expressed throughout the ventricular myocardium and interventricular septum from E8.5 until adulthood.…”
Section: Vsdsmentioning
confidence: 78%
“…In contrast, depletion of miR-1-2 in mice resulted in 50% embryonic lethality, largely due to VSDs (43). Additionally, miR-1-1 was shown to be significantly dysregulated in cardiac tissue samples from patients with VSDs (44). It was demonstrated that this down-regulation of miR-1-1 in such patients directly correlated with an increased level of its predicted target genes GJA1 (Gap junction alpha-1) and SOX9 (SRY-Box 9).…”
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of infant death, affecting approximately 4-14 live births per 1,000. Although surgical techniques and interventions have improved significantly, a large number of infants still face poor clinical outcomes. MicroRNAs (miRs) are known to coordinately regulate cardiac development and stimulate pathological processes in the heart, including fibrosis or hypertrophy and impair angiogenesis. Dysregulation of these regulators could therefore contribute (I) to the initial development of CHD and (II) at least partially to the observed clinical outcomes of many CHD patients by stimulating the aforementioned pathways. Thus, miRs may exhibit great potential as therapeutic targets in regenerative medicine. In this review we provide an overview of miR function and elucidate their role in selected CHDs, including hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS), tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), ventricular septal defects (VSDs) and Holt-Oram syndrome (HOS). We then bridge this knowledge to the potential usefulness of miRs and/or their targets in therapeutic strategies for regenerative purposes in CHDs.
“…It was demonstrated that this down-regulation of miR-1-1 in such patients directly correlated with an increased level of its predicted target genes GJA1 (Gap junction alpha-1) and SOX9 (SRY-Box 9). Likewise, this microarray analysis of VSD samples also identified an up-regulation of miR-181c, which regulates the expression of BMPR2 (Bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2), a protein which is involved in valvulogenesis and septal formation (44,47). Transcribed from the same locus in a bicistronic manner miR-133a-1/miR-1-2 and miR-133a-2/miR-1-1 are expressed throughout the ventricular myocardium and interventricular septum from E8.5 until adulthood.…”
Section: Vsdsmentioning
confidence: 78%
“…In contrast, depletion of miR-1-2 in mice resulted in 50% embryonic lethality, largely due to VSDs (43). Additionally, miR-1-1 was shown to be significantly dysregulated in cardiac tissue samples from patients with VSDs (44). It was demonstrated that this down-regulation of miR-1-1 in such patients directly correlated with an increased level of its predicted target genes GJA1 (Gap junction alpha-1) and SOX9 (SRY-Box 9).…”
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of infant death, affecting approximately 4-14 live births per 1,000. Although surgical techniques and interventions have improved significantly, a large number of infants still face poor clinical outcomes. MicroRNAs (miRs) are known to coordinately regulate cardiac development and stimulate pathological processes in the heart, including fibrosis or hypertrophy and impair angiogenesis. Dysregulation of these regulators could therefore contribute (I) to the initial development of CHD and (II) at least partially to the observed clinical outcomes of many CHD patients by stimulating the aforementioned pathways. Thus, miRs may exhibit great potential as therapeutic targets in regenerative medicine. In this review we provide an overview of miR function and elucidate their role in selected CHDs, including hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS), tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), ventricular septal defects (VSDs) and Holt-Oram syndrome (HOS). We then bridge this knowledge to the potential usefulness of miRs and/or their targets in therapeutic strategies for regenerative purposes in CHDs.
“…Alteration of miR-1and miR-181c levels is found to be associated with Ventricular septal defects (VSD). In human presenting with VSD, their cardiac cells show decreased expression of miR-1 and increased expression of miR-181c [72] [73]. Congenital heart disease in Down syndrome patients have been found to have over expressed 5 major miRNAs namely miR-99a, let-7c, miR-125b-2, miR-155 and miR-802 in chromosome 21.…”
MicroRNAs play a key role in regulation of gene expression during cardiac development and cardiac remodeling. MicroRNAs that present in bodily fluids may be useful for screening, diagnosis or therapeutic implication as a treatment. MicroRNAs are relatively new approach targets for researchers and clinicians in today world. MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNA (ncRNA) having approximately 21 to 25 nucleotides in length, and they mainly act as a transcriptional regulators of gene expression in diverse biological processes such as cellular proliferation, differentiation, tumorigenesis to death and so on. There is no doubt that lethiferous cardiac disease is one of the most common causes of deaths worldwide. MicroRNAs may regulate in several cardiovascular pathologies, not only limited to hypertrophy, heart failure, arrhythmias, hypertension, myocardial infarction, dyslipidemias and congenital heart diseases, but in circulation and bodily fluids are potential novel biomarkers for above mentioned cardiac pathologies. Knowing abnormalities in genetic level, early and accurate detection, effective treatment and prevention is the ideal management of cardiovascular diseases in today's world. However, every detail of an individual microRNA and their system is huge and beyond the scope of this article. Therefore, in this review we try to cover the overall major aspects of the microRNAs and its role in cardiovascular system.
“…Yu et al [25] Cardiac tissue from the ventricles of aborted fetuses (20)(21)(22) [26] Cardiac tissue from VSD patients (n=28) versus cardiac tissue from healthy individuals (n=9)…”
Section: Authorsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The increase of miR-214, miR-19b, and miR-126 and decrease of miR-200, miR-10, and miR-206 were further confirmed by qRT-PCR analysis. [25] Li et al [26] selected a set of 25 candidate microRNAs based on the initial microarray data and analyzed the relative levels of the microRNAs in heart tissue of patients with ventricular septal defects (VSD) to those in heart tissue of healthy controls by using qRT-PCR. They found that miR-1-1 and miR-181c were the most differentially expressed microRNAs for their samples.…”
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