Testing thermal comfort of trekking boots: An objective and subjective evaluation

Arezes, Pedro; Neves, Maria Manuela; Teixeira, Senhorinha; Leão, Celina Pinto; Cunha, Joana

doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2012.11.007

Cited by 36 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…These differences were also more pronounced at the toe region where differences in shoe construction were most apparent. In running shoes, the microclimate is therefore dependent upon the level of permeability provided as earlier described for protective and hiking footwear (Arezes et al 2013;Irzmańska 2015).…”

Section: Influence Of Shoe Permeability On Foot and Shoe Microclimatementioning

confidence: 97%

“…However, relatively few studies have assessed perceptual parameters in footwear (Barkley et al 2011;Arezes et al 2013;Irzmanska et al 2013). In the current study, higher , , and were reported for the closed shoe in comparison to the open shoe during running and recovery.…”

Section: Perceptions Of Shoe Microclimatementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, heat loss from the skin to the shoe is reduced as the gradient becomes smaller (Lu et al 2013). The development of the shoe microclimate has therefore been suggested to have a decisive influence on the users sensations and perceptions of thermal comfort (Arezes et al 2013;Irzmanska et al 2013;Shimazaki and Murata 2015). The materials used within shoes and socks, the air they enclose and the air bound on the outside of the material layers are therefore important (Havenith 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shoe microclimate: An objective characterisation and subjective evaluation

et al. 2019

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Shoe microclimate (temperature and humidity) has been suggested to contribute to perceptions of foot thermal comfort. However, limited data is available for perceptual responses in relation to shoe microclimate development both over time and within different areas of the shoe. This study evaluates perceptions of foot thermal comfort for two running shoes different in terms of air permeability in relation to temporal and spatial characteristics of shoe microclimate. The temporal characteristics of shoe microclimate development were similar for both shoes assessed. However, higher temperatures and humidity were observed for the less permeable shoe. Changes to shoe microclimate over time and differences between shoes were perceivable by the users.This study provides the most detailed assessment of shoe microclimate in relation to foot thermal comfort to date, providing relevant information for footwear design and evaluation. physical activity where the feet are enclosed in shoes for extended periods of times i.e. marathon runners (Auger et al. 1993). Intermediate levels of moisture have also been shown to increase coefficients of friction which have been found to influence the probability of blister formation (Sulzberger et al. 1966). Changes to the shoe microclimate therefore encourage the growth of microorganisms which can lead to odour development and to poor foot health. Knowledge regarding the subjective evaluation of shoe microclimate is limited, with little published information available. Although subjective perception of foot may not always coincide with measured foot (Barkley et al. 2011), local discomfort has been attributed to elevations in temperature rather than elevations in the moisture content both within hiking boots (Arezes et al. 2013) and within sock and boot liner materials worn within protective footwear (Irzmanska et al. 2013). The influence moisture has on foot comfort therefore requires further investigation as it is unknown whether changes in temperature and/or humidity help an individual in determining perceptions of thermal comfort. Despite the impact shoe microclimate has on foot health and foot thermal comfort, to our knowledge no quantitative shoe microclimate data is available over time, within different areas of the shoe or in relation to perceptual responses specifically for sports related footwear. With exercise, metabolic heat generation and sweat rates are high and so balancing the amount of heat supplied to or generated by the feet with heat loss becomes crucial. Currently, only changes to foot during running have been reported (Barkley et al. 2011; Shimazaki and Murata 2015; Shimazaki et al. 2015). During a 30 minute running bout at 12 km hr -1 temperature elevations from rest of 8.2°C were observed at the heel and 4.8°C at the neck of the big toe, foot regions associated with high contact loads and pressure during running (Shimazaki and Murata 2015). Increased ventilation within running shoes has also been shown to produce a cooling effect, reducing foot elevations, particula...

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Section: Influence Of Shoe Permeability On Foot and Shoe Microclimatementioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Perceptions Of Shoe Microclimatementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shoe microclimate: An objective characterisation and subjective evaluation

et al. 2019

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“…이렇듯 걷기 시에는 체 중의 1~2배, 주행 시 2~3배의 충격량이 발생하게 되는데 (Nigg, 1986), 이러한 충격량은 족부에 스트레스로 작용하며, 과도한 스트레스의 축적은 발의 손상 원인이 될 수 있다 (Magee, 2008). (Havenith & Heus, 2004;Au & Goonetilleke, 2007;Chiu, Mao & Wang, 2007;Arezes, Neves, Teixeira, Leão & Cunha, 2013). (Carlson, 2000;Fuller, 2000).…”

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Biomechanical Analysis for the Development of Windlass Mechanism for Trail-walking Shoe

Park¹,

Park²

2015

Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics

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Objective : The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of the windlass mechanism in trail-walking shoe prototypes that can effectively support arches. A study of these effects should help with the development of a first-rate trail-walking shoe development guide for the distribution of quality information to consumers. Methods : The subjects were ten adult males who volunteered to participate in the study. Shoes from three companies, which will be referred to as Company S (Type A), Company M (Type B), and Company P (Type C), were selected for the experiment. The subjects wore these shoes and walked at a speed of 4.2 km/h, and as they tested each shoe, the contact area, maximum pressure average, and surface force were all measured. Results : Shoe Type A showed a contact area of 148.78±4.31 cm 2 , Type B showed an area of 145.74±4.1 cm 2 , and Type C showed an area of 143.37±4.57 cm 2 (p<.01). Shoe Type A demonstrated a maximum average pressure of 80.80±9.92 kPa, Type B an average of 85.72±11.01 kPa, and Type C an average of 89.12±10.88b kPa (p<.05). Shoe Type A showed a ground reaction force of 1.13±0.06 %BW, Type B a force of 1.16±0.04 %BW, and Type C a force of 1.16±0.03 %BW (p<.05). Conclusion : The Type A trail-walking shoe, which was designed with a wide arch from the center of the forefoot to the front of the rearfoot showed excellent performance, however, more development and analysis of the windlass mechanism for a variety of arch structures is still necessary.

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“…Next 'opportunity window' for testing opens only when the clothing ensemble is designed and manufactured. Objective testing of garment assemblies after manufacturing is a serious undertaking and often demands an access to complex equipment [3][4][5][6][7][8]. Also, many objective evaluation methods, including the standard ones [1][2][3] are performed in static conditions, representing the environment in which the clothing elements and assemblies will operate only to certain extent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studying Moisture Transport Trough “Active” Fabrics Using Humidity-Temperature Sensor Nodes

Koptyug

Bäckström

Nilsson

et al. 2018

The 12th Conference of the International Sports Engineering Association

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Active fabrics providing better comfort of the garments and footwear rapidly become an essential part of our life. However, only limited information about the performance of such fabrics is commonly available for the garment and footwear designers, and tests are often done only with the final products. Thus development of the objective testing methods for the fabric assemblies containing microporous membranes and garments using them is one of the important topics. Garment tests in the climate chamber when exercising in windy and rainy conditions with a set of temperature and humidity sensors placed over the body allow comparing manufactured garments for thermal and humidity comfort. To allow for better material testing a new laboratory setup was developed for studying the dynamics of the humidity transport through different fabrics at realistic conditions in extension of the existing ISO test procedure. Present paper discusses the experimental procedures and first results acquired with new setup.

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Testing thermal comfort of trekking boots: An objective and subjective evaluation

Cited by 36 publications

References 25 publications

Shoe microclimate: An objective characterisation and subjective evaluation

Shoe microclimate: An objective characterisation and subjective evaluation

Biomechanical Analysis for the Development of Windlass Mechanism for Trail-walking Shoe

Studying Moisture Transport Trough “Active” Fabrics Using Humidity-Temperature Sensor Nodes

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