Influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccines for infants: Safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy

Beeler, Judy A.; Eichelberger, Maryna C.

doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2012.11.013

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…These data suggest that future RSV vaccines [46, 47], and vaccination of children, older adults and persons with chronic medical conditions against seasonal influenza has the potential to reduce mortality rates in Western Kenya.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Estimating influenza and respiratory syncytial virus-associated mortality in Western Kenya using health and demographic surveillance system data, 2007-2013

et al. 2017

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BackgroundInfluenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) associated mortality has not been well-established in tropical Africa.MethodsWe used the negative binomial regression method and the rate-difference method (i.e. deaths during low and high influenza/RSV activity months), to estimate excess mortality attributable to influenza and RSV using verbal autopsy data collected through a health and demographic surveillance system in Western Kenya, 2007–2013. Excess mortality rates were calculated for a) all-cause mortality, b) respiratory deaths (including pneumonia), c) HIV-related deaths, and d) pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) related deaths.ResultsUsing the negative binomial regression method, the mean annual all-cause excess mortality rate associated with influenza and RSV was 14.1 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.0–93.3) and 17.1 (95% CI 0.0–111.5) per 100,000 person-years (PY) respectively; and 10.5 (95% CI 0.0–28.5) and 7.3 (95% CI 0.0–27.3) per 100,000 PY for respiratory deaths, respectively. Highest mortality rates associated with influenza were among ≥50 years, particularly among persons with TB (41.6[95% CI 0.0–122.7]); and with RSV were among <5 years. Using the rate-difference method, the excess mortality rate for influenza and RSV was 44.8 (95% CI 36.8–54.4) and 19.7 (95% CI 14.7–26.5) per 100,000 PY, respectively, for all-cause deaths; and 9.6 (95% CI 6.3–14.7) and 6.6 (95% CI 3.9–11.0) per 100,000 PY, respectively, for respiratory deaths.ConclusionsOur study shows a substantial excess mortality associated with influenza and RSV in Western Kenya, especially among children <5 years and older persons with TB, supporting recommendations for influenza vaccination and efforts to develop RSV vaccines.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Estimating influenza and respiratory syncytial virus-associated mortality in Western Kenya using health and demographic surveillance system data, 2007-2013

et al. 2017

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“…of pregnant women has been suggested as another potential vaccination strategy. 27e29 Though licensed RSV vaccines are not currently available, candidate vaccines are under development 15,16 and data on RSV disease burden will be important for policy decisions about RSV vaccine introduction if a licensed vaccine becomes available.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9e14 These findings are of public health importance because effective and safe influenza vaccines are available but not widely used in many countries, and development of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccines continues to be an area of intense study although no licensed RSV vaccine is available. 12,15,16 Understanding the incidence of respiratory virus-associated severe illness and the timing of respiratory virus circulation is critical to inform research priorities and policy decisions about introduction of available respiratory virus vaccines for children.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rates of respiratory virus-associated hospitalization in children aged <5 years in rural northern India

Broor

Dawood

Pandey

et al. 2014

Journal of Infection

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“…A humanized monoclonal antibody with RSV-neutralizing activity is only licensed for prophylaxis in infants at high risk for severe RSV disease [7]. No vaccine is available for the prevention of RSV infection despite efforts spanning several decades [8-10]. Notable in the history of RSV vaccine development is the phenomenon of disease enhancement observed in recipients of a formalin-inactivated RSV vaccine formulation during clinical trials in the 1960’s [11-14]; this experience serves as a prominent example of the complexity that can be encountered during the course of vaccine development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A neutralization assay for respiratory syncytial virus using a quantitative PCR-based endpoint assessment

Varada

Teferedegne

Crim

et al. 2013

Virol J

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BackgroundFew studies have used quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) as an approach to measure virus neutralization assay endpoints. Its lack of use may not be surprising considering that sample nucleic acid extraction and purification can be expensive, labor-intensive, and rate-limiting.MethodsVirus/antibody mixtures were incubated for one hour at 37°C and then transferred to Vero cell monolayers in a 96-well plate format. At 24 (or 48) hours post-infection, we used a commercially available reagent to prepare cell lysates amenable to direct analysis by one-step SYBR Green quantitative reverse transcription PCR using primers specific for the RSV-N gene, thereby obviating the need for cumbersome RNA extraction and purification. The neutralization titer was defined as the reciprocal of the highest dilution needed to inhibit the PCR signal by 90% when compared with the mean value observed in virus control wells in the absence of neutralizing antibodies.ResultsWe have developed a qPCR-based neutralization assay for human respiratory syncytial virus. Due to the sensitivity of qPCR in detecting virus replication, endpoints may be assessed as early as 24 hours post-infection. In addition, the dynamic range of qPCR provides a basis for the assay to be relatively robust to perturbations in input virus dose (i.e., the assay is in compliance with the Percentage Law).ConclusionsThis qPCR-based neutralization assay is suitable for automated high-throughput applications. In addition, our experimental approach may be generalizable for the rapid development of neutralization assays for other virus families.

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Influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccines for infants: Safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy

Cited by 18 publications

References 76 publications

Estimating influenza and respiratory syncytial virus-associated mortality in Western Kenya using health and demographic surveillance system data, 2007-2013

Estimating influenza and respiratory syncytial virus-associated mortality in Western Kenya using health and demographic surveillance system data, 2007-2013

Rates of respiratory virus-associated hospitalization in children aged <5 years in rural northern India

A neutralization assay for respiratory syncytial virus using a quantitative PCR-based endpoint assessment

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