Trends in the Incidence of Stroke and Cardiovascular Risk Factors on the Isolated Island of Okinawa: The Miyakojima Study

Sugama, Chikako; Isa, Katsunori; Okumura, Koichiro; Iseki, Kunitoshi; Kinjo, Kozen; Ohya, Yusuke

doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2012.08.016

Cited by 13 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…BMI of 24.9 ± 3.4 kg/m 2 in this study was higher than that (23.0 ± 3.3 kg/m 2 ) of a multicenter large health checkup study conducted in the main land Japan [5] . United States ruled Okinawa for 27 years after the World War II, thus a westernized food and life styles have been popular in Okinawa [6] . This westernization may attribute to the obesity (higher BMI) in Okinawa.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with visceral fat accumulation in the general population in Okinawa, Japan

Arakaki

Maeshiro

Hokama

et al. 2016

WJGPT

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AIM:To investigate the clinical and biochemical factors associated with visceral fat accumulation in the general population. METHODS:We enrolled 1004 subjects who underwent a medical health checkup between April 2008 and March 2009. The medical health checkup included the following tests: Height, body weight, waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, urinalysis, blood-cell counts, blood chemistry, electrocardiography, chest radiography, and abdominal computed tomography (CT) for visceral fat accumulation. The patients' medical history and lifestyle factors were collected privately by nurses using a selfadministered questionnaire, and they included questions regarding physical activity, sleep duration, dietary habits, smoking, and alcohol consumption. visceral fat area (VFA) was defined as the sum of the intraperitoneal fat area at the level of the umbilicus with CT density in the range of -150 to -50 Hounsfield units. RESULTS:The mean age and body mass index (BMI) of the study subjects were 57.0 years and 24.4 kg/m 2 . In both male and females, vFA was significantly and Institutional review board statement: The study design was approved by the Ethics Committee of University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.Informed consent statement: All subjects provided written informed consent for the use of their anonymized data for an epidemiological study. Conflict-of-interest statement:We have no conflict of interest. Data sharing statement: No additional data available.Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc/4.0/ Retrospective study positively correlated with WC (r = 0.532, P < 0.01; r = 0.612, P < 0.01). Subjects with high levels of vFA were primarily male with significantly higher age, height, body weight, BMI, systolic blood pressure (BP), diastolic BP, and hemoglobin in all subjects (P < 0.05).A multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that vFA had a positive relationship with age ≥ 56, BMI ≥ 25 kg/m 2 , and triglyceride level ≥ 149 in males (P < 0.05), whereas it had a positive relationship with age ≥ 58, BMI ≥ 24.4 kg/m 2 , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level < 40 mg/dL, and current drinking in females (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION:These results suggest that gender differences exist in the clinical and biochemical parameters associated with visceral fat accumulation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with visceral fat accumulation in the general population in Okinawa, Japan

Arakaki

Maeshiro

Hokama

et al. 2016

WJGPT

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“…[22][23][24] The incidences of ICH and IS decreased in Japan from 1991 to 2005. 25 Other studies indicated that the incidence of IS decreased, while the incidence of ICH remained stable. 21,26 However, the incidence of IS increased significantly and that of ICH remained unchanged in Hong Kong and Changsha.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Increased Stroke Burdens Among the Low-Income Young and Middle Aged in Rural China

Ning

Sun

Jiang

et al. 2017

Stroke

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Background and Purpose-Although stroke in the young and middle aged accounts for 31% of all strokes in China, the disease burden is unknown. We aimed to determine the secular trends in stroke incidence and the transition of subtypes in rural China over a 24-year period. Methods-In 1992, 14 920 residents were recruited to participate in the Tianjin Brain Study. Stroke events and all deaths were registered annually. We assessed the trends in incidence of first-ever stroke, including intracerebral hemorrhage and ischemic stroke, among adults aged 35 to 64 years during 1992 to 1999, 2000 to 2007, and 2008 to 2015. The annual proportion of change in stroke incidence was evaluated from 1992 to 2015. Results-The age-standardized incidence of first-ever stroke per 100 000 person-years increased significantly, from 122 in 1992 to 1999, to 215.8 in 2000 to 2007, to 471.8 in 2008 to 2015. The incidence of first-ever stroke increased annually by 11.9% overall (12.4% in men, 9.0% in women, 8.7% for intracerebral hemorrhage, and 10.7% for ischemic stroke; P<0.001). The greatest increases were observed in adults aged 55 to 64 years, with an annual increase of 11.6% for ischemic stroke (10.8% in men and 6.9% in women). However, the proportion of intracerebral hemorrhage has not changed over the past 24 years. Conclusions-In contrast with that in developed countries, the burden of stroke in China originates primarily from young and middle-aged adults. Thus, control of risk factors in this population is required to reduce the future burden of stroke in China.

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“…They report a decline in the incidence of ischemic46 as well as haemorrhagic strokes over time,47 although the decline was steeper before the 1970s and since then has been less sharp. The Miyakojima study conducted in another area of Japan reports no major changes in incidence of stroke and all its subtypes from 1988–1991 to 2002–2005 7. The relative proportion of ischaemic strokes has increased over time compared with haemorrhagic strokes, which has shown a steady decline.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 1 provides estimates of stroke prevalence and incidence from these Asian countries7 11–24 No prevalence data are reported from Malaysia, Japan, Iran and Israel while no incidence data from Thailand, Bangladesh and Israel could be found. Data from China and India (more than 50% of Asian population) are most robust and reliable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stroke in Asia: geographical variations and temporal trends

Mehndiratta

Khan

Mehndiratta

et al. 2014

J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry

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Trends in the Incidence of Stroke and Cardiovascular Risk Factors on the Isolated Island of Okinawa: The Miyakojima Study

Cited by 13 publications

References 16 publications

Factors associated with visceral fat accumulation in the general population in Okinawa, Japan

Factors associated with visceral fat accumulation in the general population in Okinawa, Japan

Increased Stroke Burdens Among the Low-Income Young and Middle Aged in Rural China

Stroke in Asia: geographical variations and temporal trends

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