Structural and neurochemical changes in the maturation of the carotid body

De, Raffaele; Macchi, Veronica; Sfriso, Maria Martina; Porzionato, Andrea

doi:10.1016/j.resp.2012.06.012

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…This is in stark contrast to the normal age-dependent (i.e. maturational) reduction in DBH in the healthy CB [57]. …”

Section: The ‘Hypertensive’ Carotid Bodymentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Kato et al described that there is significant dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH) immunoreactivity in fibres around glomus cells [56•]. A possibility is that the larger morphology of the CB in the SH rat may be the effect of the sympathetic innervation [57]. Interestingly, glomus cells in SH rats exhibited greater DBH immunoreactivity relative to normotensive rats, suggesting that this amine is released in abundance in hypertension [56•].…”

Section: The ‘Hypertensive’ Carotid Bodymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Revelations About Carotid Body Function Through its Pathological Role in Resistant Hypertension

et al. 2013

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Much recent attention has been given to the carotid body because of its potential role in cardiovascular disease states. One disease, neurogenic hypertension, characterised by excessive sympathetic activity, appears dependent on carotid body activity that may or may not be accompanied by sleep-disordered breathing. Herein, we review recent literature suggesting that the carotid body acquires tonicity in hypertension. We predict that carotid glomectomy will be a powerful way to temper excessive sympathetic discharge in diseases such as hypertension. We propose a model to explain that signalling from the ‘hypertensive’ carotid body is tonic, and hypothesise that there will be a sub-population of glomus cells that channel separately into reflex pathways controlling sympathetic motor outflows.

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“…This is in stark contrast to the normal age-dependent (i.e. maturational) reduction in DBH in the healthy CB [57]. …”

Section: The ‘Hypertensive’ Carotid Bodymentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: The ‘Hypertensive’ Carotid Bodymentioning

confidence: 99%

Revelations About Carotid Body Function Through its Pathological Role in Resistant Hypertension

et al. 2013

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“…These findings have been summarized in several recent reviews and will not be discussed in depth here (De Caro et al, 2012; Hempleman and Pilarski, 2011; Hempleman and Warburton, 2012). With respect to postnatal O 2 response maturation, the important questions are whether ultrastructural changes occur after birth and, if so, do they contribute to functional, postnatal maturation of O 2 sensing.…”

Section: 0 Structural Factors In Cb Functional Resettingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carotid chemoreceptor “resetting” revisited

Carroll

Kim

2013

Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology

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Carotid body (CB) chemoreceptors transduce low arterial O2 tension into increased action potential activity on the carotid sinus nerves, which contributes to resting ventilatory drive, increased ventilatory drive in response to hypoxia, arousal responses to hypoxia during sleep, upper airway muscle activity, blood pressure control and sympathetic tone. Their sensitivity to O2 is low in the newborn and increases during the days or weeks after birth to reach adult levels. This postnatal functional maturation of the CB O2 response has been termed “resetting” and it occurs in every mammalian species studied to date. The O2 environment appears to play a key role; the fetus develops in a low O2 environment throughout gestation and initiation of CB “resetting” after birth is modulated by the large increase in arterial oxygen tension occurring at birth. Although numerous studies have reported age-related changes in various components of the O2 transduction cascade, how the O2 environment shapes normal CB prenatal development and postnatal “resetting” remains unknown. Viewing CB “resetting” as environment-driven (developmental) phenotypic plasticity raises important mechanistic questions that have received little attention. This review examines what is known (and not known) about mechanisms of CB functional maturation, with a focus on the role of the O2 environment.

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“…The CB undergoes structural and functional changes during perinatal development (e.g., Porzionato et al, 2008a,b; De Caro et al, 2013), aging (e.g., Di Giulio et al, 2009, 2012; Zara et al, 2013a) and in response to a variety of environmental stimuli, such as chronic sustained hypoxia (e.g., Pardal et al, 2007; Platero-Luengo et al, 2014), chronic intermittent hypoxia (e.g., Iturriaga et al, 2009), chronic hyperoxia (e.g., Bavis et al, 2013), and exposure to nicotine (e.g., Stéphan-Blanchard et al, 2013). Several morphometrical approaches have been involved to address structural changes in the CB.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fractal analysis of the structural complexity of the connective tissue in human carotid bodies

et al. 2014

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The carotid body (CB) may undergo different structural changes during perinatal development, aging, or in response to environmental stimuli. In the previous literature, morphometric approaches to evaluate these changes have considered quantitative first order parameters, such as volumes or densities, while changes in spatial disposition and/or complexity of structural components have not yet been considered. In the present study, different strategies for addressing morphological complexity of CB, apart from the overall amount of each tissue component, were evaluated and compared. In particular, we considered the spatial distribution of connective tissue in the carotid bodies of young control subjects, young opiate-related deaths and aged subjects, through analysis of dispersion (Morisita's index), gray level co-occurrence matrix (entropy, angular second moment, variance, correlation), and fractal analysis (fractal dimension, lacunarity). Opiate-related deaths and aged subjects showed a comparable increase in connective tissue with respect to young controls. However, the Morisita's index (p < 0.05), angular second moment (p < 0.05), fractal dimension (p < 0.01), and lacunarity (p < 0.01) permitted to identify significant differences in the disposition of the connective tissue between these two series. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was also calculated to evaluate the efficiency of each parameter. The fractal dimension and lacunarity, with areas under the ROC curve of 0.9651 (excellent accuracy) and 0.8835 (good accuracy), respectively, showed the highest discriminatory power. They evidenced higher level of structural complexity in the carotid bodies of opiate-related deaths than old controls, due to more complex branching of intralobular connective tissue. Further analyses will have to consider the suitability of these approaches to address other morphological features of the CB, such as different cell populations, vascularization, and innervation.

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Structural and neurochemical changes in the maturation of the carotid body

Cited by 22 publications

References 87 publications

Revelations About Carotid Body Function Through its Pathological Role in Resistant Hypertension

Revelations About Carotid Body Function Through its Pathological Role in Resistant Hypertension

Carotid chemoreceptor “resetting” revisited

Fractal analysis of the structural complexity of the connective tissue in human carotid bodies

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