2023 FDA-approved psychotropic medications

Naguy, Ahmed; Alayadhi, Nadyah; Pridmore, Saxby; Alhazeem, Hessa; Alamiri, Bibi

doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103684

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Dark regions that correspond to pores are larger than those observed at W1 and can likely be attributed to partial erosion of the matrixes caused by the leakage of shorter degraded chains. These observations are consistent with previous papers that report a faster erosion in the center than at the surface of the depot as part of the bulk erosion mechanism classically attributed to polyester-based materials. , …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…In vivo degradation was studied in the subcutis because the SC space is the preferred route of administration for BEPO for achieving systemic exposure of its therapeutic cargo. Indeed, one product for SC injection has been commercialized (Uzedy), and another has successfully completed a phase I clinical trial . Minipigs were chosen as the animal model for carrying out the in vivo experiments because the SC tissue in certain areas of their bodies is very similar to that of human skin.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These observations are consistent with previous papers that report a faster erosion in the center than at the surface of the depot 42 as part of the bulk erosion mechanism classically attributed to polyester-based materials. 60,61 3.3. Erosion of the BEPO Depot.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, one product for SC injection has been commercialized (Uzedy), and another has successfully completed a phase I clinical trial. 61 Minipigs were chosen as the animal model for carrying out the in vivo experiments because the SC tissue in certain areas of their bodies is very similar to that of human skin. One of these zones is the plica inguinalis (inguinal fold), which is very close in terms of structure and mechanical resistance.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In Vitro and In Vivo Hydrolytic Degradation Behaviors of a Drug-Delivery System Based on the Blend of PEG and PLA Copolymers

Ng,

Nicoulin,

Peloso

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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This paper presents the in vitro and in vivo degradation of BEPO, a marketed in situ forming depot technology used for the formulation of long-acting injectables. BEPO is composed of a solution of a blend of poly(ethylene glycol)- block -poly(lactic acid) (PEG–PLA) triblock and diblock in an organic solvent, where a therapeutic agent may be dissolved or suspended. Upon contact with an aqueous environment, the solvent diffuses and the polymers precipitate, entrapping the drug and forming a reservoir. Two representative BEPO compositions were subjected to a 3-month degradation study in vitro by immersion in phosphate-buffered saline at 37 °C and in vivo after subcutaneous injection in minipig. The material erosion rate, as a surrogate of the bioresorption, determined via the depot weight loss, changed substantially, depending on the composition and content of polymers within the test item. The swelling properties and internal morphology of depots were shown to be highly dependent on the solvent exchange rate during the precipitation step. Thermal analyses displayed an increase of the depot glass transition temperature over the degradation process, with no crystallinity observed at any stage. The chemical composition of degraded depots was determined by 1 H NMR and gel permeation chromatography and demonstrated an enrichment in homopolymers, i.e., free PLA and (m)PEG, to the detriment of (m)PEG–PLA copolymers in both formulations. It was observed that the relative ratio of the degradants within the depot is driven by the initial polymer composition. Interestingly, in vitro and in vivo results showed very good qualitative consistency. Taken together, the outcomes from this study demonstrate that the different hydrolytic degradation behaviors of the BEPO compositions can be tuned by adjusting the polymer composition of the formulation.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

In Vitro and In Vivo Hydrolytic Degradation Behaviors of a Drug-Delivery System Based on the Blend of PEG and PLA Copolymers

Ng,

Nicoulin,

Peloso

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…The interest in the nasal cavity as a systemic or targeted administration route has grown over the last few years. The common goal of each recent nasal spray for this purpose is the rapidity of action, see, for instance, Zavzpret TM [ 1 ] and Trudhesa ® [ 2 ] for the migraine crisis and Opvee ® [ 3 ] and Narcan ® [ 4 ] as rescue medicine for opioid overdose. Notably, the nasal route allows reaching the brain directly, bypassing the blood–brain barrier (BBB) via the olfactory nerves ( Figure 1 ), the trigeminal nerves [ 5 ] or the nasal lymphatic pathway [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Are the Key Anatomical Features for the Success of Nose-to-Brain Delivery? A Study of Powder Deposition in 3D-Printed Nasal Casts

Rigaut,

Deruyver,

Niesen

et al. 2023

Pharmaceutics

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Nose-to-brain delivery is a promising way to improve the treatment of central nervous system disorders, as it allows the bypassing of the blood–brain barrier. However, it is still largely unknown how the anatomy of the nose can influence the treatment outcome. In this work, we used 3D printing to produce nasal replicas based on 11 different CT scans presenting various anatomical features. Then, for each anatomy and using the Design of Experiments methodology, we characterised the amount of a powder deposited in the olfactory region of the replica as a function of multiple parameters (choice of the nostril, device, orientation angle, and the presence or not of a concomitant inspiration flow). We found that, for each anatomy, the maximum amount of powder that can be deposited in the olfactory region is directly proportional to the total area of this region. More precisely, the results show that, whatever the instillation strategy, if the total area of the olfactory region is below 1500 mm2, no more than 25% of an instilled powder can reach this region. On the other hand, if the total area of the olfactory region is above 3000 mm2, the deposition efficiency reaches 50% with the optimal choice of parameters, whatever the other anatomical characteristics of the nasal cavity. Finally, if the relative difference between the areas of the two sides of the internal nasal valve is larger than 20%, it becomes important to carefully choose the side of instillation. This work, by predicting the amount of powder reaching the olfactory region, provides a tool to evaluate the adequacy of nose-to-brain treatment for a given patient. While the conclusions should be confirmed via in vivo studies, it is a first step towards personalised treatment of neurological pathologies.

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Gepirone-the latest antidepressant on market state-of-the-art or run-of-the-mill?

Naguy

2024

Asian Journal of Psychiatry

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2023 FDA-approved psychotropic medications

Cited by 3 publications

References 3 publications

In Vitro and In Vivo Hydrolytic Degradation Behaviors of a Drug-Delivery System Based on the Blend of PEG and PLA Copolymers

In Vitro and In Vivo Hydrolytic Degradation Behaviors of a Drug-Delivery System Based on the Blend of PEG and PLA Copolymers

What Are the Key Anatomical Features for the Success of Nose-to-Brain Delivery? A Study of Powder Deposition in 3D-Printed Nasal Casts

Gepirone-the latest antidepressant on market state-of-the-art or run-of-the-mill?

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