2022 H. Bolton Seed Memorial Lecture: Evaluating Liquefaction Effects

Performance-based probabilistic liquefaction-induced ground settlement procedure

“…Ejecta-induced settlement was estimated separately using the severity chart of Hutabarat and Bray (2022). Lastly, Rathje and Saygili (2008, 2011), Bray and Macedo (2023), and Zhang et al (2022) have implemented performance-based procedures to assess seismic slope displacements.…”

“…Idriss and Boulanger, 2008; Zhang et al, 2002) are fundamentally deterministic and cannot be directly implemented as currently presented in a performance-based approach based on the CPT. Thus, a recently developed probabilistic CPT-based procedure to estimate S v (Bray and Olaya, 2023), which has been derived from an expanded database of CPT field case histories, is implemented in a performance-based approach in this study.…”

“…In this study, the probabilistic liquefaction-induced free-field ground settlement model of Bray and Olaya (2023) is employed to evaluate the hazard of S v . This model was developed following the Ishihara and Yoshimine (1992) framework with volumetric strain, ε v , computed using the median values of Equations 1 and 2.…”

“…The model integrates the contribution of ε v from all the soil layers that are judged to contribute to liquefaction-induced ground settlement (i.e. there is no arbitrary cutoff depth or depth weight factor; see Bray and Olaya 2023). The model captures the influence of the ground-motion characteristics (e.g.…”

“…Soil liquefaction at free-field level ground sites can produce ground settlement due to the accumulation of volumetric strains resulting from post-liquefaction sedimentation and reconsolidation processes (e.g. Bray and Olaya, 2023; Ishihara and Yoshimine, 1992; Zhang et al, 2002). The estimation of ground settlement due to liquefaction is of engineering importance because differential ground settlement can lead to the failure of structures, buried utilities, and roadways.…”