2020 taxonomic update for phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales

Abstract

In March 2020, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. At the genus rank, 20 new genera were added, two were deleted, one was moved, and three were renamed. At the species rank, 160 species were added, four were deleted, ten were moved and renamed, and 30 species were renamed. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV.

The Plant Negative-Sense RNA Virosphere: Virus Discovery Through New Eyes

“…Negative-sense and ambisense RNA viruses belong to the phylum Negarnaviricota, which includes members characterized by (i) negative-sense or ambisense single-stranded unsegmented or segmented genomes, (ii) the presence or absence of a lipid membrane enveloping the capsid, and (iii) a diverse host range (Diaz-Lara et al, 2019;Koonin et al, 2020;Kuhn et al, 2020). This phylum contains major groups of pathogenic viruses and our current knowledge of these viruses is strongly biased toward agents with special importance for human and animal health, such as influenza virus (Orthomyxoviridae), Zaire ebolavirus (Filoviridae) or Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (Nairovirus).…”

“…Most of the NSR viruses are divided into two large lineages based on whether their RNA genomes are unsegmented or segmented (Koonin et al, 2020) (Figure 1). The unsegmented and some bi-segmented viruses with negative-sense RNA genomes, belong to the order Mononegavirales (Koonin et al, 2020;Kuhn et al, 2020). In contrast, most of the segmented viruses with both negative-sense and ambisense RNA genomes belong to the order Bunyavirales (Koonin et al, 2020;Kuhn et al, 2020) (Figure 1).…”

“…The unsegmented and some bi-segmented viruses with negative-sense RNA genomes, belong to the order Mononegavirales (Koonin et al, 2020;Kuhn et al, 2020). In contrast, most of the segmented viruses with both negative-sense and ambisense RNA genomes belong to the order Bunyavirales (Koonin et al, 2020;Kuhn et al, 2020) (Figure 1). Other orders such as Serpentovirales (which is the only one of these including NSR phytoviruses), Muvirales, Articulavirales, among others, have been created to accommodate diverse viruses which have been placed in the major phylogenetic gap between the two large groups of NSR viruses (Wolf et al, 2018).…”

“…The family Rhabdoviridae currently comprises 30 genera for 191 species for viruses infectin vertebrates, invertebrates and plants. Six of these genera include 45 species of phytoviruses: Cytorhabdovirus, Alphanucleorhabdovirus, Betanucleorhabdovirus and Gammanucleorhabdovirus (unsegmented genomes), and Dichorhavirus and Varicosavirus (bi-segmented genomes) (Walker et al, 2018;Kuhn et al, 2020) (Figure 1). The virions of these phytorhabdoviruses have bacilliform or rod-shaped morphology, and those with unsegmented genomes are enveloped.…”

Kinetics of Serological Response in Patients with Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome

“…Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), which is caused by SFTS virus (renamed as Dabie bandavirus) in the genus Bandavirus , family Phenuiviridae , and order Bunyavirales [ 1 ], is an emerging endemic zoonosis usually transmitted by ticks, such as Haemaphysalis longicornis [ 2 ]. Since its first report in China in 2011 [ 2 ], SFTS was subsequently identified in South Korea and Japan in 2012, and reported in 2013 and 2014, respectively [ 3 , 4 ].…”