2016 Expert consensus document on prevention, diagnosis and treatment of short-term peripheral venous catheter-related infections in adults

Práticas dos enfermeiros na cateterização intravenosa: um estudo descritivo

“…Moreover, most nurses did not record the time and date of the dressing change. Although the latest guidelines advocate clinically indicated replacement of PIVC as an alternative to routine replacement (Bernatchez, 2014), recording the date and time of dressing replacement may assist nurses in monitoring eventual early stage symptoms in the endovascular segment, such as heat, tenderness, erythema, or palpable cord (Capdevila et al, 2016). Additionally, while the catheter site dressing must be replaced when it becomes damp, loose, or visibly soiled (O'Grady et al, 2011), 18.2% of the dressings in our study were poorly fixated.…”

“…These results belie the indications of the CDC (O'Grady et al, 2011), which stipulate that hand hygiene must be performed before and after palpating catheter insertion sites as well as before and after inserting, replacing, accessing, repairing, or dressing an intravascular catheter. Moreover, although gloves should not be used as an alternative to hand hygiene (RCN, 2016), every manipulation of the PIVC must be performed with single-use clean gloves (Capdevila et al, 2016). This practice is essential to protect nurses whenever there is potential contact with blood (e.g., during PIVC insertion), body fluids, mucous membranes, non-intact skin, or contaminated equipment (INS, 2016).…”

“…For instance, in this study, the vast majority of the nurses used a 20-gauge PIVC (92.1%), while current SoC recommendations advocate the lowest caliber possible according to patients' veins and therapeutic plan. Future studies should consider this aspect since numerous studies have shown there is an evident lack of knowledge of PIVC management by clinical staff and of possible favorable opportunities to improve it (Capdevila et al, 2016). However, these results are significant for nursing practice, since PIVC insertion and maintenance are considered essential skills for all practicing nurses (Ho, Liew, & Tang, 2016).…”

“…However, clinical guidelines should be regularly updated, involving the active participation of stakeholders from the different organizational levels to allow their replication regardless of the clinical context (Ray-Barruel & Rickard, 2018). Additionally, there is evidence supporting the importance of disclosing periodically to staff PIVC-related complication rates as a positive reinforcement for guideline follow-up and as a warning if deviations occur (Capdevila et al, 2016). Nevertheless, SoC recommendations must be used as a sustained foundation in the development of institutional, educational programmes and policies on PIVC management, setting the benchmark for professional performance during catheter insertion and maintenance.…”

Double-chamber syringe versus classic syringes for peripheral intravenous drug administration and catheter flushing: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

“…Phlebitis (irritation or inflammation of the vein wall, associated with warmth, tenderness, erythema, or palpable cord) is the most frequent PIVC-related complication, which may have mechanical, chemical, or bacterial causes [5,13]. Thus, assessment of the PIVC insertion site must be performed daily and use of a transparent sterile dressing for stabilizing and protecting the catheter [16] is essential to allow for visual inspection of the catheter site. Transparent sterile dressings require less frequent changes than do standard gauze and tape dressings [17][18][19], and have also been associated with fewer accidental PIVC removals [20].…”