2015 AAHA/AAFP Pain Management Guidelines for Dogs and Cats

Epstein, Mark; Rodan, Ilona; Griffenhagen, Gregg M.; Kadrlik, Jamie; Petty, Michael C.; Robertson, Sheilah A.; Simpson, Wendy

doi:10.1177/1098612x15572062

Cited by 179 publications

(144 citation statements)

References 136 publications

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“…150 Potential complications of soft tissue surgery and anesthesia include hemorrhage, hypothermia, pain, wound inflammation, delayed wound healing, dehiscence, and death. 29,[150][151][152][153][154] Studies 28,152,153 based on veterinary students performing OHE and castration have found complication rates of 20% to 30%, but the most common complications were considered minor problems, and the rate of occurrence was thought to be influenced by the experience of the person performing the surgery. Complications can be minimized through appropriate patient selection, use of safe and efficient protocols for anesthesia, application of minimally traumatic patient preparation and surgical techniques, careful monitoring of patients, and multimodal pain management including preoperative analgesia.…”

Section: Anesthetic and Surgical Complicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A literature review on the welfare implications of gonadectomy of dogs

Houlihan¹

2017

javma

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Section: Anesthetic and Surgical Complicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A literature review on the welfare implications of gonadectomy of dogs

Houlihan¹

2017

javma

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“…In particular, consideration should be given to patient hydration status and the presence of preexisting hepatic, renal, or gastrointestinal disease or clotting abnormalities. 125 Administration of NSAIDs to patients that are clinically or subclinically dehydrated should be avoided owing to the increased risk of adverse effects, including nephrotoxicosis.…”

Section: Administration Of Analgesics and Anxiolyticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[124][125][126] Acceptable choices include opioids, α 2 -adrenoreceptor agonists, NSAIDs, and local anesthetics. Multimodal analgesia involves the use of multiple analgesic agents with different pharmacological mechanisms to control pain.…”

Section: Administration Of Analgesics and Anxiolyticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association of Shelter Veterinarians’ 2016 Veterinary Medical Care Guidelines for Spay-Neuter Programs

Griffin¹,

Bushby²,

McCobb³

et al. 2016

javma

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As community efforts to reduce the overpopulation and euthanasia of unwanted and unowned cats and dogs have increased, many veterinarians have increasingly focused their clinical efforts on the provision of spay-neuter services. Because of the wide range of geographic and demographic needs, a wide variety of spay-neuter programs have been developed to increase delivery of services to targeted populations of animals, including stationary and mobile clinics, MASHstyle operations, shelter services, community cat programs, and services provided through private practitioners. In an effort to promote consistent, high-quality care across the broad range of these programs, the Association of Shelter Veterinarians convened a task force of veterinarians to develop veterinary medical care guidelines for spay-neuter programs. These guidelines consist of recommendations for general patient care and clinical procedures, preoperative care, anesthetic management, surgical procedures, postoperative care, and operations management. They were based on current principles of anesthesiology, critical care medicine, infection control, and surgical practice, as determined from published evidence and expert opinion. They represent acceptable practices that are attainable in spay-neuter programs regardless of location, facility, or type of program. The Association of Shelter Veterinarians envisions that these guidelines will be used by the profession to maintain consistent veterinary medical care in all settings where spay-neuter services are provided and to promote these services as a means of reducing sheltering and euthanasia of cats and dogs.

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“…In the WSAVA Guidelines for recognition, assessment and treatment of pain (Mathews et al, 2014) and in the AAHA Pain Management Guidelines for Dogs and cats (Hellyer et al, 2007;Epstein et al, 2015), pain has been considered as the "4th vital sign", together with temperature, pulse and respiration. Within a clinical evaluation, all patients should, therefore, always be assessed for the presence and intensity of pain.…”

Section: Clinical Exammentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis of Pain in Small Companion Animals

Rocca¹,

Catanzaro²,

Salvo³

et al. 2015

American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

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Abstract:It is now widely accepted that animals are able to experience pain in a similar way to humans. Acute and/or chronic pain is associated not only with many surgical procedures, but also with various medical diseases, where pain may increase morbidity and mortality. Moreover, some types of pain (e.g., neuropathic pain) can be considered as an illness in themselves. Recognizing pain and assessing its intensity are both essential for its effective management: If pain is not recognised, then it is unlikely to be treated. Two major problems account for the difficulties in pain diagnosis in veterinary patients: (1) animals are not able to verbalise and cannot refer to the state of pain they are experiencing and (2) almost all animal species tend instinctively to mask signs of pain and weakness. Therefore, pain recognition in a diseased animal may be challenging. However, practitioners can rely on different strategies, which can be put in place to reveal the presence of pain in their patients. A presumptive diagnosis, a clinical exam, the evaluation of psychomotor changes and pain expressions, the attribution of pain scores and the response to therapy are all tools which, especially when used in combination, can help the veterinary practitioner recognise a subject suffering from pain and allow a correct approach to therapy. This review summarizes the current available information regarding the methodology that could be applied in small companion animals for a correct diagnosis of pain, offering veterinarians with some "easy to use" tools to apply in their daily practice.

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2015 AAHA/AAFP Pain Management Guidelines for Dogs and Cats

Cited by 179 publications

References 136 publications

A literature review on the welfare implications of gonadectomy of dogs

A literature review on the welfare implications of gonadectomy of dogs

The Association of Shelter Veterinarians’ 2016 Veterinary Medical Care Guidelines for Spay-Neuter Programs

Diagnosis of Pain in Small Companion Animals

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