2014–2015 Multiple Outbursts of 15p/Finlay

Ishiguro, Masateru; Kuroda, D.; Hanayama, H.; Kwon, Yuna G.; Kim, Yoonyoung; Lee, Myung Gyoon; Watanabe, Makoto; Akitaya, Hiroshi; Kawabata, Koji S.; Itoh, R.; Nakaoka, Tatsuya; Yoshida, Michitoshi; Imaï, Masataka; Sarugaku, Yuki; Yanagisawa, K.; Ohta, Kouji; Kawai, N.; Miyaji, Takeshi; Fukushima, Hideo; Honda, Satoshi; Takahashi, Jun; Sato, Mikiya; Vaubaillon, Jérémie; Watanabe, J.

doi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/6/169

Cited by 26 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…If 72P/D-F indeed had dormant periods in the past, the dust spatial density or the volume filled by the trail, or both, may be overestimated by the IMEX model. In a similar way, comet 15P/Finlay may also be evolving into a transitional asteroid-like object (Beech et al 1999), although it possess the ability for repetitive energetic outbursts (Ishiguro et al 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Helios spacecraft data revisited: detection of cometary meteoroid trails by following in situ dust impacts

Krüger

Strub

Sommer

et al. 2020

A&A

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Context. Cometary meteoroid trails exist in the vicinity of comets, forming a fine structure of the interplanetary dust cloud. The trails consist predominantly of the largest cometary particles (with sizes of approximately 0.1 mm-1 cm), which are ejected at low speeds and remain very close to the comet orbit for several revolutions around the Sun. In the 1970s, two Helios spacecraft were launched towards the inner Solar System. The spacecraft were equipped with in situ dust sensors which measured the distribution of interplanetary dust in the inner Solar System for the first time. Recently, when re-analysing the Helios data, a clustering of seven impacts was found, detected by Helios in a very narrow region of space at a true anomaly angle of 135 ± 1 • , which the authors considered as potential cometary trail particles. However, at the time, this hypothesis could not be studied further. Aims. We re-analyse these candidate cometary trail particles in the Helios dust data to investigate the possibility that some or all of them indeed originate from cometary trails and we constrain their source comets. Methods. The Interplanetary Meteoroid Environment for eXploration (IMEX) dust streams in space model is a new and recently published universal model for cometary meteoroid streams in the inner Solar System. We use IMEX to study the traverses of cometary trails made by Helios. Results. During ten revolutions around the Sun, the Helios spacecraft intersected 13 cometary trails. For the majority of these traverses the predicted dust fluxes are very low. In the narrow region of space where Helios detected the candidate dust particles, the spacecraft repeatedly traversed the trails of comets 45P/Honda-Mrkos-Pajdušáková and 72P/Denning-Fujikawa with relatively high predicted dust fluxes. The analysis of the detection times and particle impact directions shows that four detected particles are compatible with an origin from these two comets. By combining measurements and simulations we find a dust spatial density in these trails of approximately 10 −8-10 −7 m −3. Conclusions. The identification of potential cometary trail particles in the Helios data greatly benefited from the clustering of trail traverses in a rather narrow region of space. The in situ detection and analysis of meteoroid trail particles which can be traced back to their source bodies by spacecraft-based dust analysers provides a new opportunity for remote compositional analysis of comets and asteroids without the necessity to fly a spacecraft to or even land on those celestial bodies. This provides new science opportunities for future missions like DESTINY + (Demonstration and Experiment of Space Technology for INterplanetary voYage with Phaethon fLyby and dUst Science), Europa Clipper, and the Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Helios spacecraft data revisited: detection of cometary meteoroid trails by following in situ dust impacts

Krüger

Strub

Sommer

et al. 2020

A&A

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“…q = 1.7, Kleyna et al 2019) and larger indices (e.g. q = 3.8, Ishiguro et al 2016b) have been reported. If the particle radius range extends from minimum a min to maximum a max , the average radius in a q = 3.5 distribution is a = (a min a max ) 1/2 .…”

Section: Observationsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Disintegrating Inbound Long-period Comet C/2019 J2

Jewitt

Luu

2019

ApJL

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We present observations of the disintegrating long-period comet C/2019 J2 (Palomar) taken to determine the nature of the object and the cause of its demise.The data are consistent with break-up of a sub-kilometer nucleus into a debris cloud of mass ∼ 10 9 kg, peaking on UT 2019 May 24±12. This is ∼56 days before perihelion and at a heliocentric distance of ∼1.9 AU. We consider potential mechanisms of disintegration. Tidal disruption is ruled-out, because the comet has not passed within the Roche sphere of any planet. Impact disruption is implausible, because the comet orbit is highly inclined (inclination 105.1 • ) and disruption occurred far above the ecliptic, where asteroids are rare. The back-pressure generated by sublimation (0.02 to 0.4 N m −2 ) is orders of magnitude smaller than the reported compressive strength (30 to 150 N m −2 ) of cometary material and, therefore, is of no importance. The depletion of volatiles by sublimation occurs too slowly to render the nucleus inactive on the timescale of infall. However, we find that the e-folding timescale for spin-up of the nucleus by the action of sublimation torques is shorter than the infall time, provided the nucleus radius is r n < 0.4 km. Thus, the disintegration of C/2019 J2 is tentatively interpreted as the rotational disruption of a sub-kilometer nucleus caused by outgassing torques.

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“…The kinetic energy per unit mass has been used as metric to test the origins of cometary outbursts. Ishiguro et al (2016) found that the kinetic energy per unit mass for outbursts of 15P/Finlay, 17P/Holmes, and 332P/Ikeya-Murakami are ∼ 10 4 J kg −1 , suggesting similar causes. Thus, studying the energetics and/or dust-to-gas ratio of the 46P outbursts may help discern the driving mechanisms.…”

Section: Mini-outbursts Of Wirtanen and Other Cometsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Outbursts are common events with a wide range of strengths (Ishiguro et al 2016). Discoveries of outbursts are becoming more prevalent in recent years due to our increased ability to monitor comets (both in the professional and amateur communities), and with the increased efficiencies of survey telescopes and precise all-sky photometric catalogs (e.g., PS1 and SkyMapper; Tonry et al 2018b;Wolf et al 2018).…”

Section: Potential For Future Mini-outburst Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Six Outbursts of Comet 46P/Wirtanen

Kelley

Farnham

Jian-yang

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Cometary activity is a manifestation of sublimation-driven processes at the surface of nuclei. However, cometary outbursts may arise from other processes that are not necessarily driven by volatiles. In order to fully understand nuclear surfaces and their evolution, we must identify the causes of cometary outbursts. In that context, we present a study of mini-outbursts of comet 46P/Wirtanen. Six events are found in our long-term lightcurve of the comet around its perihelion passage in 2018. The apparent strengths range from −0.2 to −1.6 mag in a 5 radius aperture, and correspond to dust masses between ∼ 10 4 to 10 6 kg, but with large uncertainties due to the unknown grain size distributions. However, the nominal mass estimates are the same order of magnitude as the mini-outbursts at comet 9P/Tempel 1 and 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, events which were notably lacking at comet 103P/Hartley 2. We compare the frequency of outbursts at the four comets, and suggest that the surface of 46P has large-scale (∼10-100 m) roughness that is intermediate to that of 67P and 103P, if not similar to the latter. The strength of the outbursts appear to be correlated with time since the last event, but a physical interpretation with respect to solar insolation is lacking. We also examine Hubble Space Telescope images taken about 2 days following a near-perihelion outburst. No evidence for macroscopic ejecta was found in the image, with a limiting radius of about 2-m.

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2014–2015 Multiple Outbursts of 15p/Finlay

Cited by 26 publications

References 52 publications

Helios spacecraft data revisited: detection of cometary meteoroid trails by following in situ dust impacts

Helios spacecraft data revisited: detection of cometary meteoroid trails by following in situ dust impacts

Disintegrating Inbound Long-period Comet C/2019 J2

Six Outbursts of Comet 46P/Wirtanen

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