2013 update of the discoveries of nuclides

Abstract

The 2013 update of the discovery of nuclide project is presented. Details of the 12 new nuclides observed for the first time in 2013 are described. In addition, the discovery of 266 Db has been included and the previous assignments of six other nuclides were changed. Overview tables of where and how nuclides were discovered have also been updated and are discussed.

2014 update of the discoveries of nuclides

“…There were essentially no changes over the last three years. [3][4][5] As before, the numbers for Germany and Russia include nuclides discovered in West-Germany between 1949 and 1990 and the USSR from 1957 through 1991, respectively. Nuclides that were discovered simultaneously in two different countries are counted for each country so that the total sum is 3204 instead of 3191.…”

“…Thus, Table 4 is essentially identical to the table included in Ref. 5. It is reprinted here for completeness and as an encouragement to verify the existence of these nuclides by publishing the results in a refereed journal.…”

2016 Update of the discoveries of nuclides

“…22 Figure 1 shows the current status of the evolution of the nuclide discoveries for four broad areas of the nuclear chart, (near)stable, proton-rich, neutron-rich, and the region of the heavy elements. The figure was adapted from the 2014 review 5 and was extended to include all isotopes discovered until the end of 2016. The top part of the figure shows the ten-year average of the number of nuclides discovered per year while the bottom panel shows the integral number of nuclides discovered.…”

“…This is the fourth update of the isotope discovery project which was originally published in a series of papers in Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables from 2009 through 2013 (see for example the first 1 and last 2 papers). Two summary papers were published in 2012 and 2013 in Nuclear Physics News 3 and Reports on Progress in Physics, 4 respectively, followed by annual updates in 2014, 5 2015 6 and 2016. 7 The 2016 update included an overall reevaluation to apply the criteria uniformly for all elements.…”

Discoveries of isotopes by fission

“…A recent compilation summarized details of the discovery of all isotopes [1][2][3][4] including the year, laboratory and country of discovery as well as the production mechanism used to produce the isotopes. Fission, one of the largest contributing production mechanisms, accounts for about 20% of all the discovered isotopes.…”