2007 National Roadside Survey of Alcohol and Drug Use by Drivers: Alcohol Results

Abstract

Amy Berning served as the project's Contracting Officer's Technical Representative. The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) provided funding and support for the assessment of alcohol use disorders. The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) provided funding for collection of additional blood samples and the administration of the drug use disorders assessment. The National Institute of Justice (NIJ) provided support for querying participants about interaction with the Criminal Justice System. AbstractThis report presents the prevalence estimates for alcohol-involved driving derived from the recently completed U.S. national field survey of alcohol-and drug-involved driving (primarily of nighttime weekend drivers, but also daytime Friday drivers) and compares those estimates with the three previous National Roadside Surveys. This survey involved randomly stopping drivers at 300 locations across the 48 contiguous United States. Data were collected during 2-hour Friday daytime sessions (9:30 a.m. to 11:30 a.m. or 1:30 p.m. to 3:30 p.m.) at 60 locations and during four 2-hour nighttime periods (10 p.m. to midnight and 1 a.m. to 3 a.m. on Fridays and Saturdays) at 240 locations. Both self-report and biological measures were taken. Biological measures included breath-alcohol measurements on 9,413 respondents, oral fluid samples from 7,719 respondents, and blood samples from 3,276 respondents. A prior report described the sampling plan and data collection methodology and summarized the response patterns to the various stages of the multipart survey. A third report, based on analyses of the oral fluid and blood specimens collected, will present the first national prevalence estimate of drug-involved driving and of alcohol-plus-drug-involved driving. This report focuses on the alcohol breath-test results and how they relate to previous national surveys. It also summarizes response patterns to survey questions and to an alcohol-use-disorder-screening instrument. The data indicate a continuing trend over the past three decades of fewer alcohol-involved drivers on the Nation's roads during weekend nights.

Drug and Alcohol Involvement in Four Types of Fatal Crashes

“…Of the 44,239 fatally injured drivers with drug-tested information in the fi le, about 25% tested positive for drugs (n = 10,997). This fi gure almost doubles the 14% drug prevalence estimated by the 2007 National Roadside Survey (Lacey et al, 2009), suggesting a possible contribution of drugs to the occurrence of fatal crashes. Among the tested drugs, cannabinoids (marijuana, tetrahydrocannabinol [THC], and other cannabinoids) and stimulants (cocaine, amphetamines, benzphetamines, methamphetamines, and other stimulants) were the most prevalent: Each contributed to about 23% of the drug positives.…”

“…In the United States, the 2007 National Roadside Survey found that the percentage of drivers who were using drugs (14%) was greater than the percentage who were using alcohol (12%; Lacey et al, 2009). This somewhat startling result led the White House Offi ce of National Drug Control Policy (2010) to call for states to pass drug per se laws in 2010.…”

Beber e dirigir: características de condutores com bafômetro positivo

“…Estudos realizados em outros países, com metodologia similar, apresentam taxas de 5% a 14% nas noites dos ns de semana 14,15 . A análise das características dos condutores em todas as regiões do estado não apresentou diferença estatística, apontando para uma homogeneidade da população pesquisada.…”

“…Isso ocorre porque o motorista, apesar de ter ingerido pequena quantidade de álcool e estar aparentemente sóbrio e consciente do risco de beber e dirigir, pode estar intoxicado, adotando o falso senso subjetivo do beber seguro, oferecendo risco para si e para outras pessoas. Mesmo policiais bem treinados frequentemente não são capazes de identi car motoristas sob efeito de álcool 15 . Pesquisa realizada nos Estados Unidos mostrou que mais da metade de motoristas com níveis de alcoolemia acima de 0,5 g/l e 90% com níveis de 0,8 g/l não foram identi cados por policiais militares em postos de checagem de sobriedade 20,22,23 .…”

Drinking and Parenting Practices as Predictors of Impaired Driving Behaviors Among U.S. Adolescents

“…The National Roadside Survey conducted for the National Highway Traffi c Safety Administration in 2007 found that, among drivers ages 16-20 tested at night, 16.1% tested positive for drugs other than alcohol (based on oral fl uids) and 7.2% tested positive for alcohol (based on breath alcohol measurements) (Lacey et al, 2009a(Lacey et al, , 2009b. Given that alcohol-impaired driving fatalities accounted for 31% of the total motor vehicle traffi c fatalities in the United States in 2011 (National Highway Traffi c Safety Administration, 2012), identifying predictors of teenage drinking and driving and RWI is critical to preventing teenage injuries and fatalities.…”