2000 Annual Report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers Toxic Exposure Surveillance System

Litovitz, T. A.; Klein‐Schwartz, Wendy; White, Suzanne; Cobaugh, Daniel J.; Youniss, Jessica; Omslaer, Judith C.; Drab, Alison; Benson, Blaine E.

doi:10.1053/ajem.2001.25272

Cited by 437 publications

(235 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Similar to our study, many studies have shown that the causative agent was drugs in cases presenting to hospital with acute poisoning [8,11,16]. While these drugs can be ingested individually, multiple-drug poisonings are observed too.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Analysis of individual and clinical factors in acute poisoning cases in the intensive care unit

Düğer¹,

Kol²,

Ak³

et al. 2014

Basic Clin Sci

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Analysis of individual and clinical factors in acute poisoning cases in the intensive care unit

Düğer¹,

Kol²,

Ak³

et al. 2014

Basic Clin Sci

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“…Its importance as an emergency medical condition is high among children. Although case series from the USA, South America, Australia and Asia have reported children with snakebites, they show different snake species from Taiwan (17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22). In addition, high mortality and functional impairment of extremities after bites were found in some studies due to delayed hospital visits and limited antivenom use (14,16).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Venomous snakebites and antivenom treatment according to a protocol for pediatric patients in taiwan

Wang¹,

Tsan²,

Mao³

et al. 2009

J. Venom. Anim. Toxins incl. Trop. Dis

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and adolescents, with a median age of 9.9 years (ranging from 2 to 18 years), was identified.Forty-five patients (82%) were bitten between May and September. Thirty-five patients (64%) received antivenom therapy, 28 of them (80%) within two hours after being bitten. No fatalities occurred and only five of 35 patients (14%) had major morbidity when treated according to the protocol. Thirty-one snakes (56%) were identified and 12 of them (38%) were Naja atra. This study indicates that a protocol for children affected by snakebites is valuable for guiding emergency physicians to treat these patients immediately. Further strategies are required to reduce the morbidity rate that occurs as a result of Naja atra bite.

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“…We extracted pyrethrin and pyrethroid insecticide exposure data from the TESS annual reports [12][13][14][15][16][17]. TESS is a uniform data set of exposure incidents reported to PCCs in the United States.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrethrin and pyrethroid exposures in the United States: A longitudinal analysis of incidents reported to poison centers

Power

Sudakin

2007

J. Med. Toxicol.

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Introduction: Citing the Food Quality Protection Act, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) decided to phase out and eliminate organophosphate insecticide use in residential environments. The phase out process spanned from 2000 to 2005, and it may have resulted in increased consumer use of insecticides containing other active ingredients. This study utilized data from the national Poison Control Center to assess possible changes in exposure incidents involving pyrethrin and pyrethroid insecticides during the phase out of organophosphates from residential uses.Methods: We extracted pyrethrin and pyrethroid insecticide exposure data from the American Association of Poison Control Centers Toxic Exposure Surveillance System (TESS) annual reports from 2000 to 2005. We examined pyrethrin and pyrethroid incidents by total exposures for each year, and we stratified exposures by age range, reason, number of cases treated in a health care facility, and medical outcome. Cases were examined as a proportion of all insecticide exposures. We calculated the annual incidence rates for exposures involving pyrethrin and pyrethroid insecticides of the population served.Results: Pyrethrin and pyrethroid exposures increased annually in number and as a percentage of all insecticide exposure incidents. The increase in cases was observed for all age categories and exposure reasons. A statistically significant correlation was observed between advancing years (2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005) and the number of pyrethrin and pyrethroid incidents (p Ͻ.01). While the number of incidents treated in a health care facility increased annually during the study period, the proportion was constant (0.185 Ϯ 0.012) over the sixyear period. During the study period, the incidence rate for pyrethrin and pyrethroid exposures increased each year. 44% of all medical outcomes data was recorded, and the majority of outcomes resulted in no symptoms (37%) or minor symptoms (53%).Conclusion: TESS data showed a clear increase in cases involving pyrethrins and pyrethroids. The increase was temporally associated with the phase out of organophosphates from residential uses. In the future, medical toxicologists and poison control center personnel should be prepared to respond to an increasing number of pyrethrin and pyrethroid insecticide exposures.

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2000 Annual Report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers Toxic Exposure Surveillance System

Cited by 437 publications

References 17 publications

Analysis of individual and clinical factors in acute poisoning cases in the intensive care unit

Analysis of individual and clinical factors in acute poisoning cases in the intensive care unit

Venomous snakebites and antivenom treatment according to a protocol for pediatric patients in taiwan

Pyrethrin and pyrethroid exposures in the United States: A longitudinal analysis of incidents reported to poison centers

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