20 years of alveolar distraction: A systematic review of the literature

Abstract

BackgroundThe Vertical Alveolar Distraction Osteogenesis (VADO) technique is an excellent solution for bone and soft tissue neoformation in areas in which there has been significant bone atrophy that hinders normal rehabilitation using dental implants. The goal of this systematic review is to analyze the most relevant articles published on VADO in the literature over the past 20 years.Material and MethodsThe review was performed by using the keywords: “alveolar ridge”, “distraction ostegenesis” and “dental implant”. This search produced a total result of 240 articles. The clinical studies and cases reported in humans amounted to 113 articles, 18 articles referred to studies developed on animals and 33 review articles. The presentation of this systematic analysis follows the criteria described in the PRISMA declaration.Results22 articles complied with the inclusion criteria and 7 articles more were added manually, reaching a total sample of 29 studies. Following the analysis of the studies, they were classified into 18 high-quality, 10 mediumquality and 1 low-quality study. Only 4 studies achieved a maximum score of 9 (according to NewCastle Ottawa Scale, NOS).Conclusions VADO is a technique with greater potential in vertical gain. The performance of dental implants has a success and survival rate similar to dental implants placed on bones that are not subject to increase techniques. Key words:Vertical distraction osteogenesis, alveolar ridge, distraction osteogenesis, dental implant.

Does the Animal Model Influence in Vertical Alveolar Distraction? A Systematic Review of the Literature

“…Many discrepancies were found in comparison with studies in humans, with a mean of 12.05 [3], 11.22 [10], and 11.83 weeks [40]. To observe the fusion of the basal bone with the distracted segment, a minimum of 10 weeks of consolidation was needed [3]. Shorter consolidation periods used in animals may be explained by the faster metabolism compared to humans.…”

“…Management of pigs and minipigs may be especially difficult, due to the chewing habits, affecting the failure rate According to other studies, the most common minor complication is dehiscence [9,38]. It is also advisable to reduce the frequency and the rate of distraction if the dehiscence is considerable and persists [3]. For minor complications, such as inflammations, dehiscence, and infections, conservative treatment is advised.…”

Complex Rehabilitation for an Adolescent with Ectodermal Dysplasia—A 10‐Year Follow‐Up

“…According to this distraction frequency, the distraction should be completed within two or three weeks. However, the consolidation period ranges between 2 and 4 months, with some lasting up to 6 months 15,16 . Considering that the poor blood supply of the knife‐edge alveolar crest slowed down the healing, the consolidation period was approximately 4 months in this report.…”

“…Instead, distraction osteogenesis was used to correct the maxillary retrusion. Generally, the mean distraction frequency was 0.88 mm (0.375‐1 mm) per day 15 . According to this distraction frequency, the distraction should be completed within two or three weeks.…”

“…Generally, the mean distraction frequency was 0.88 mm (0.375-1 mm) per day. 15 According to this distraction frequency, the distraction should be completed within two or three weeks. However, the consolidation period ranges between 2 and 4 months, with some lasting up to 6 months.…”