20 Year Review of Three-dimensional Tools in Otology: Challenges of Translation and Innovation

Abstract

Introduction: Three-dimensional (3D) tools have played a significant role in advancing anatomical knowledge, in simulation and clinical practice in Otology. Technology is evolving at a rapid rate with new applications being reported at an overwhelming pace. It is important to continuously review new applications, assess emerging trends, and identify challenges to innovation so clinical translation progresses in an efficient and evidenced-based manner. Methods: A review of 20 years of literature in 3D technology specific to Otology was undertaken using Medline, Embase, PubMed, and Google Scholar search engines. Trends in the literature were analyzed as applications are evaluated and adopted into clinical practice. A literature review was conducted to identify barriers to translation. Results: There was increasing volume of literature reporting innovations in 3D technology in Otology with a more recent increase in reviews and meta-analysis. The most marked trend was in literature regarding clinical applications of such technology and in 3D printing. Where this may indicate that translation of these technologies is adequate, this is not reflected in routine clinical practice or even in education and training platforms. Conclusion: Barriers to translation of 3D tools specific to Otology include ongoing challenges in attaining high-resolution data, rendering parameters and with the advent of 3D printing a multitude of new variables in software, printers, and materials adding complexity to selecting most appropriate options. These need methodical evaluation to selectively customize solutions to clinical challenges so effective translation, scale, and adoption can occur without causing confusion about choices.

Data generalization processing and fusion machine translation system based on virtual reality technology

“…In this way, the matching between the number of decoding layers and identifiers is achieved by processing the content of semantic information, word order structure and grammar rules. When studying English translation methods based on virtual reality technology, we mainly focus on the differences between the two languages and how to effectively realize the information transmission between the two languages [13][14].…”

Integration of 3D-printed middle ear models and middle ear prostheses in otosurgical training

“…The precise relationship and sensitivity of its structures make temporal bone surgery challenging but necessary for surgical training. The integration of virtual simulations, three-dimensional (3D) printed models, and hybrid training methods are reshaping otosurgery education, benefiting both trainees and patients [ 3 ].…”

“…Similarly, a CBCT-based temporal bone model generated by Frithioff et al [ 7 ] also exhibited failure in the middle ear area during the printing phase. According to Mukherjee's review [ 3 ], CT data have not been sufficient for detailed modeling of the ossicles and soft tissues in the middle ear.…”

“…High-resolution micro-CT images can be used to reduce the challenges associated with traditional CT data [ 3 ]. Phacon® was developed based on micro-CT image data from human temporal bones [ 1 ].…”

3D-reconstructions of Bast's Valve and Membranous Labyrinth: Insights for Vestibular Implantation and Meniere's Disease

“…Anatomical data obtained from micro-computed tomography (microCT) has facilitated the three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of microscopic inner ear structures, providing higher resolution 3D-reconstructions in comparison to those developed from serial histological sections (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6). Indeed, there has been an increasing volume of work in the otological literature pertaining to microCT, 3D technologies, and their clinical applications (7). It is important to consider the clinical correlations of these anatomical findings as they are described, in order to lay the platform for new devices emerging in the field of implantation otology.…”