20 inch diameter photomultiplier

Kume, Hidehiro; Sawaki, S.; Ito, Mikiko; Arisaka, K.; Kajita, T.; Nishimura, Akio; Suzuki, A.

doi:10.1016/0167-5087(83)90007-8

Cited by 41 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…An array of photomultiplier tubes (PMTs)-1325 specially developed fast PMTs masked to 17 in. diameter and 554 older 20-in.-diameter PMTs reused from the Kamiokande experiment [21]-are mounted on the inner surface of the outer containment vessel, providing 34% photocathode coverage. During the period from 5 March 2002 to 27 February 2003, the photocathode coverage was only 22%, TABLE I.…”

Section: Detector Description and Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Production of radioactive isotopes through cosmic muon spallation in KamLAND

Abe¹,

Enomoto²,

Furuno³

et al. 2010

Phys. Rev. C

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178

189

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Radioactive isotopes produced through cosmic muon spallation are a background for rare-event detection in ν detectors, double-β-decay experiments, and dark-matter searches. Understanding the nature of cosmogenic backgrounds is particularly important for future experiments aiming to determine the pep and CNO solar neutrino fluxes, for which the background is dominated by the spallation production of 11 C. Data from the Kamioka liquid-scintillator antineutrino detector (KamLAND) provides valuable information for better understanding these backgrounds, especially in liquid scintillators, and for checking estimates from current simulations based upon MUSIC, FLUKA, and GEANT4. Using the time correlation between detected muons and neutron captures, the neutron production yield in the KamLAND liquid scintillator is measured to be Y n = (2.8 ± 0.3) × 10 −4 µ −1 g −1 cm 2 . For other isotopes, the production yield is determined from the observed time correlation related to known isotope lifetimes. We find some yields are inconsistent with extrapolations based on an accelerator muon beam experiment.

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Section: Detector Description and Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Production of radioactive isotopes through cosmic muon spallation in KamLAND

Abe¹,

Enomoto²,

Furuno³

et al. 2010

Phys. Rev. C

Self Cite

178

189

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show abstract

“…The transmittance of the acrylic has to be the highest attainable, especially in the blue and near UV spectral regions where the PMT responsivity is a maximum 7 and the yield of Cerenkov radiation is increasing. Not only is it necessary to characterize the UV absorption and scattering properties of the virgin acrylic but it is im- a weak solution of brine, to which it will be exposed at the observatory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical properties of UV transmitting acrylics for use in a heavy water Cerenkov detector

1990

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Vous avez des questions? Nous pouvons vous aider. Pour communiquer directement avec un auteur, consultez la première page de la revue dans laquelle son article a été publié afin de trouver ses coordonnées. Si vous n'arrivez pas à les repérer, communiquez avec nous à PublicationsArchive-ArchivesPublications@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca. Questions?Contact the NRC Publications Archive team at PublicationsArchive-ArchivesPublications@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca. If you wish to email the authors directly, please see the first page of the publication for their contact information. NRC Publications Archive Archives des publications du CNRCThis publication could be one of several versions: author's original, accepted manuscript or the publisher's version. / La version de cette publication peut être l'une des suivantes : la version prépublication de l'auteur, la version acceptée du manuscrit ou la version de l'éditeur. NRC Publications Record / Notice d'Archives des publications de CNRC:http://nparc.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/view/object/?id=b3ca3df4-59d0-401f-b2f4-b73579662b2d http://nparc.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/fra/voir/objet/?id=b3ca3df4-59d0-401f-b2f4-b73579662b2dOptical properties of UV transmitting acrylics for use in a heavy water Cerenkov detector Joanne C. Zwinkels, W. F. Davidson, and C. X. DoddThe absorption, refraction, and scattering properties of several UV transmitting acrylics have been investigated over the wavelength range 300-700 nm using a combination of near-normal incidence regular transmittance and reflectance and diffuse-only reflectance measurements, followed by a Fresnel and a Kubelka-Munk analysis. The samples were evaluated in the as-cast and thermoformed forms, and both before and after an accelerated aging procedure. The results show significant differences in the optical behavior of the various acrylics in the UV region and stress the importance of carefully characterizing acrylic from different sources for each intended use. In our case, acrylic is the proposed material for a heavy water containment vessel for the detection of solar neutrinos. The significance of our findings to the overall performance of this Cerenkov detector, known as the Sudbury neutrino observatory detector, is discussed.

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“…Thanks to the cooperation of Hamamatsu Photonics Company, we jointly developed a very large photomultiplier tube (Kume et al, 1983). I was very happy, as you can see in Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 91%

Nobel Lecture: Birth of neutrino astrophysics

Koshiba

2003

Rev. Mod. Phys.

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20 inch diameter photomultiplier

Cited by 41 publications

References 1 publication

Production of radioactive isotopes through cosmic muon spallation in KamLAND

Production of radioactive isotopes through cosmic muon spallation in KamLAND

Optical properties of UV transmitting acrylics for use in a heavy water Cerenkov detector

Nobel Lecture: Birth of neutrino astrophysics

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