20.5 kA current leads for ATLAS Barrel Toroid superconducting magnets

Dudarev, A.; Kate, Herman H.J. ten; Boxman, E.W.; Кейлин, В.Е.; Kopeikin, Nikolai; Ковалев, И. А.; Kuljamzin, A.N.; Romanovskii, V. R.; Щербаков, В. И.; Shugaev, I.; Stepanov, V.

doi:10.1109/tasc.2002.1018638

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The other case was similar in construction where the transition was by going through two chambers with cold gaseous nitrogen and finally warm nitrogen [5]. Work that is of interest to us has been reported [6,7] at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in CERN and at the ATLAS project in CERN [8]. There are some similarities between the present work which is designed for a cable termination rated at 1 kV, 3 kA (3 MVA).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…The feed through was welded onto one end of a stainless steel barrel (8), which was inside the cryostat and bolted onto it by a DN100 flange (7). Liquid nitrogen was carried into the barrel by the inlet tube (6).…”

Section: Liquid Nitrogen Bushing (''Bushing C'')mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The preparation was as described for Bushings A and B. However, in this case we did not use liquid helium to cool the cryostat and the thermocouples were affixed onto the outside of the stainless steel barrel (8) which was at earth potential. A Dewar of liquid nitrogen was connected to the inlet tube (6) of the bushing and liquid nitrogen was admitted into the barrel until the liquid squirted out of the two vent holes (3) in the hollow G10 cylinder (2).…”

Section: Experimental Characterization Of the Bushingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative study of high voltage bushing designs suitable for apparatus containing cryogenic helium gas

et al. 2013

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Liquid Nitrogen Bushing (''Bushing C'')mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Characterization Of the Bushingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative study of high voltage bushing designs suitable for apparatus containing cryogenic helium gas

et al. 2013

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“…( Chamond, France). No alternative was possible concerning the choice of the copper used for the current leads; their large length due to the height of the chimney would have conduct to a cross section 4 to 5 times bigger in the case of use of a low resistivity copper (ATLAS design [4]) and consequently to cumbersome leads.…”

Section: B Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Design, Construction and Tests of 20 kA Current Leads for the CMS Solenoid

Fazilleau

Brédy

Juster

et al. 2004

IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.

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Abstract-The CMS experiment (Compact Muon Solenoid) is a general-purpose proton-proton detector designed to run at the highest luminosity at the LHC [1]. Distinctive features of the CMS detector include a high-magnetic-field solenoid (4 T) coupled with a multilayer muon system, a fully active scintillating-crystal electromagnetic calorimeter, a tile hadronic calorimeter, and a powerful inner tracking system.The two 20 kA current leads for the CMS electrical circuit have been designed, manufactured and tested by CEA Saclay.Their design, with reliability as prime goal, is based on the use of a pure-copper braid, having an RRR of 130, placed inside a conduit and cooled by evaporating helium gas. Their length is of 3.3 m to cross the return yoke and their conductive cross-section has been fixed at 1800 mm 2 , slightly above the optimal section. An important specification is the behavior in case of lack of coolant: the current leads are able to hold the maximal current during 5 minutes followed by a fast discharge, time constant of 190 s, without any damage.They are fully instrumented with sensors and diagnostics (temperature, voltage and helium flow) for safety and control. In case of discharge, they are submitted to a high voltage and then must ensure an insulation of 3 kV.The tests will include insulation, mechanical and electrical tests (at nominal current, with and without coolant).

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“…Quench protection has always been a critical challenge for high temperature superconductor (HTS) coils and magnets [1][2][3] . To enhance thermal stability, winding the HTS coil directly without any turn-to-turn insulations has been discussed and experimented [4][5][6] . During a quench, transport current can bypass the local normal region through metallic turn-to-turn contacts, therefore, the NI coil shows an enhanced thermal stability and self-protection features compared to its insulated counterpart 4,5,[7][8][9][10][11][12] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ramping turn-to-turn loss and magnetization loss of a No-Insulation (RE)Ba2Cu3Ox high temperature superconductor pancake coil

Wang

Song

Yuan

et al. 2017

Journal of Applied Physics

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This paper is to study ramping turn-to-turn loss and magnetization loss of a no-insulation (NI) high temperature superconductor (HTS) pancake coil wound with (RE)Ba2Cu3Ox (REBCO) conductors. For insulated (INS) HTS coils, a magnetization loss occurs on superconducting layers during a ramping operation. For the NI HTS coil, additional loss is generated by the 'bypassing' current on the turn-to-turn metallic contacts, which is called "turn-toturn loss" in this study. Therefore, the NI coil's ramping loss is much different from that of the INS coil, but few studies have been reported on this aspect. To analyze the ramping losses of NI coils, a numerical method is developed by coupling an equivalent circuit network model and a H-formulation finite element method (FEM) model. The former model is to calculate NI coil's current distribution and turn-to-turn loss, the latter model is to calculate the magnetization loss. A test NI pancake coil is wound with REBCO tapes and the reliability of this model is validated by experiments. Then the characteristics of the NI coil's ramping losses are studied using this coupling model. Results show that the turn-to-turn loss is much higher than the magnetization loss. The NI coil's total ramping loss is much higher than that of its insulated counterpart, which has to be considered carefully in the design and operation of NI applications. This paper also discusses the possibility to reduce NI coil's ramping loss by decreasing the ramping rate of power supply or increasing the coil's turn-to-turn resistivity.

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20.5 kA current leads for ATLAS Barrel Toroid superconducting magnets

Cited by 10 publications

References 5 publications

Comparative study of high voltage bushing designs suitable for apparatus containing cryogenic helium gas

Comparative study of high voltage bushing designs suitable for apparatus containing cryogenic helium gas

Design, Construction and Tests of 20 kA Current Leads for the CMS Solenoid

Ramping turn-to-turn loss and magnetization loss of a No-Insulation (RE)Ba2Cu3Ox high temperature superconductor pancake coil

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