2 Years into the Pandemic: What Did We Learn About the COVID-19 and Cerebellum?

Shaikh, Aasef G.; Manto, Mario; Mitoma, Hiroshi

doi:10.1007/s12311-021-01351-7

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Disruption, discontinuity or modification of the care for patients with persistent cerebellar disorders such as ataxia patients negatively influenced the rehabilitation services or the neurological care. Moreover, mental health of these patients may be exposed to be at risk of developing severe complications due to uncertainty, depression and anxiety caused by physical isolation and lack of interaction experienced during the lockdown [ 37 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The COVID-19 pandemic impact on continuity of care provision on rare brain diseases and on ataxias, dystonia and PKU. A scoping review

Cannizzo,

Quoidbach,

Giunti

et al. 2024

Orphanet J Rare Dis

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One of the most relevant challenges for healthcare providers during the COVID– 19 pandemic has been assuring the continuity of care to patients with complex health needs such as people living with rare diseases (RDs). The COVID–19 pandemic accelerated the healthcare sector’s digital transformation agenda. The delivery of telemedicine services instead of many face-to-face procedures has been expanded and, many healthcare services not directly related to COVID-19 treatments shifted online remotely. Many hospitals, specialist centres, patients and families started to use telemedicine because they were forced to. This trend could directly represent a good practice on how care services could be organized and continuity of care could be ensured for patients. If done properly, it could boast improved patient outcomes and become a post COVID-19 major shift in the care paradigm. There is a fragmented stakeholders spectrum, as many questions arise on: how is e-health interacting with ‘traditional’ healthcare providers; about the role of the European Reference Networks (ERNs); if remote care can retain a human touch and stay patient centric. The manuscript is one of the results of the European Brain Council (EBC) Value of Treatment research project on rare brain disorders focusing on progressive ataxias, dystonia and phenylketonuria with the support of Academic Partners and in collaboration with European Reference Networks (ERNs) experts, applying empirical evidence from different European countries. The main purpose of this work is to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the continuity of care for ataxias, dystonia and phenylketonuria (PKU) in Europe. The analysis carried out makes it possible to highlight the critical points encountered and to learn from the best experiences. Here, we propose a scoping review that investigates this topic, focusing on continuity of care and novel methods (e.g., digital approaches) used to reduce the care disruption. This scoping review was designed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) standards. This work showed that the implementation of telemedicine services was the main measure that healthcare providers (HCPs) put in place and adopted for mitigating the effects of disruption or discontinuity of the healthcare services of people with rare neurological diseases and with neurometabolic disorders in Europe.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The COVID-19 pandemic impact on continuity of care provision on rare brain diseases and on ataxias, dystonia and PKU. A scoping review

Cannizzo,

Quoidbach,

Giunti

et al. 2024

Orphanet J Rare Dis

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“…There are numerous well‐documented impacts of COVID‐19 on the brain in the literature (Ardellier et al, 2023 ; Esposito et al, 2022 ; Kim et al, 2022 ; Kremer et al, 2020 ; Lu et al, 2020 ; Qin et al, 2021 ; Voudris et al, 2001 ). It is clear that COVID can not only enter the brain (Reiken et al, 2022 ), but can also have numerous metabolic, immune, and hematologic effects (Shaikh et al, 2022 ). In this work, we pioneer the application of CDI in neuroimaging of COVID‐19.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of diffusion‐tensor and correlated diffusion imaging for studying white‐matter microstructural abnormalities: Application in COVID‐19

Teller

Chad

Wong

et al. 2023

Human Brain Mapping

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There has been growing attention on the effect of COVID‐19 on white‐matter microstructure, especially among those that self‐isolated after being infected. There is also immense scientific interest and potential clinical utility to evaluate the sensitivity of single‐shell diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods for detecting such effects. In this work, the performances of three single‐shell‐compatible diffusion MRI modeling methods are compared for detecting the effect of COVID‐19, including diffusion‐tensor imaging, diffusion‐tensor decomposition of orthogonal moments and correlated diffusion imaging. Imaging was performed on self‐isolated patients at the study initiation and 3‐month follow‐up, along with age‐ and sex‐matched controls. We demonstrate through simulations and experimental data that correlated diffusion imaging is associated with far greater sensitivity, being the only one of the three single‐shell methods to demonstrate COVID‐19‐related brain effects. Results suggest less restricted diffusion in the frontal lobe in COVID‐19 patients, but also more restricted diffusion in the cerebellar white matter, in agreement with several existing studies highlighting the vulnerability of the cerebellum to COVID‐19 infection. These results, taken together with the simulation results, suggest that a significant proportion of COVID‐19 related white‐matter microstructural pathology manifests as a change in tissue diffusivity. Interestingly, different b‐values also confer different sensitivities to the effects. No significant difference was observed in patients at the 3‐month follow‐up, likely due to the limited size of the follow‐up cohort. To summarize, correlated diffusion imaging is shown to be a viable single‐shell diffusion analysis approach that allows us to uncover opposing patterns of diffusion changes in the frontal and cerebellar regions of COVID‐19 patients, suggesting the two regions react differently to viral infection.

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“…This was characterised by accentuation of atrophy in the cerebellum and its corresponding neural connections. SARS-CoV‑2 affects the cerebellum via direct viral invasion, but even more so through its effects on immune, haematological, and metabolic pathways [ 125 ]. The involvement of the cerebellum in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 is not fully understood; however, our findings highlight a high prevalence of involvement of this structure and calls for further investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topographical Distribution of Neuroanatomical Abnormalities Following COVID-19 Invasion

Kiyak,

Ijezie,

Ackah

et al. 2023

Clin Neuroradiol

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Purpose This systematic review is aimed at synthesising the literature base to date on the frequency and topographical distribution of neuroanatomical changes seen on imaging following COVID-19 invasion with a focus on both the acute and chronic phases of the disease. Methods In this study, 8 databases were systematically searched to identify relevant articles published from December 2019 to March 2022 and supplemented with a manual reference search. Data were extracted from the included studies and narrative synthesis was employed to integrate the findings. Results A total of 110 studies met the inclusion criteria and comprised 119,307 participants (including 31,073 acute and 143 long COVID-19 patients manifesting neurological alterations) and controls. Considerable variability in both the localisation and nature of neuroanatomical abnormalities are noted along the continuum with a wide range of neuropathologies relating to the cerebrovascular/neurovascular system, (sub)cortical structures (including deep grey and white matter structures), brainstem, and predominant regional and/or global alterations in the cerebellum with varying degrees of spinal involvement. Conclusion Structural regional alterations on neuroimaging are frequently demonstrated in both the acute and chronic phases of SARS-CoV‑2 infection, particularly prevalent across subcortical, prefrontal/frontal and cortico-limbic brain areas as well as the cerebrovascular/neurovascular system. These findings contribute to our understanding of the acute and chronic effects of the virus on the nervous system and has the potential to provide information on acute and long-term treatment and neurorehabilitation decisions.

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2 Years into the Pandemic: What Did We Learn About the COVID-19 and Cerebellum?

Cited by 6 publications

References 27 publications

The COVID-19 pandemic impact on continuity of care provision on rare brain diseases and on ataxias, dystonia and PKU. A scoping review

The COVID-19 pandemic impact on continuity of care provision on rare brain diseases and on ataxias, dystonia and PKU. A scoping review

Feasibility of diffusion‐tensor and correlated diffusion imaging for studying white‐matter microstructural abnormalities: Application in COVID‐19

Topographical Distribution of Neuroanatomical Abnormalities Following COVID-19 Invasion

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