2-Year Efficacy, Immunogenicity, and Safety of Vigoo Enterovirus 71 Vaccine in Healthy Chinese Children: A Randomized Open-Label Study

Wei, Mingwei; Meng, Fanjuan; Wang, Shiyuan; Li, Jingxin; Zhang, Yuntao; Mao, Qunying; Hu, Yuemei; Liu, Pei; Shi, Nianmin; Hong, Tao; Cui, Kai; Wang, Yuxiao; Liang, Zhenglun; Li, Xiuling; Zhu, Fengcai

doi:10.1093/infdis/jiw502

Cited by 54 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Only inactivated EV‐A71 vaccines with alum have been evaluated in human clinical trials . To date in China, three inactivated vaccines have completed phase III clinical trials (Table ). The first anti–EV‐A71 inactivated vaccine developed by the Institute of Medical Biology at the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS; license no.…”

Section: Prevention and Control: How Close We Are To Success?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A neutralization titre of >1:16 is suggestive of cross‐protection against other genotypes, and a titre of >1:42 has been recently been proposed as a correlate of long‐term protection . However, all three vaccines do not offer cross‐protection against other enteroviruses …”

Section: Prevention and Control: How Close We Are To Success?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…171 Only inactivated EV-A71 vaccines with alum have been evaluated in human clinical trials. 172 To date in China, three inactivated vaccines [173][174][175][176][177][178] have completed phase III clinical trials ( Table 3) cines are now officially licensed in China. [179][180][181] These three vaccines are of C4 subgenotype and provided more than 90% protection against EV-A71-associated diseases when the C4 subgenotype was prevalent during the trial durations.…”

Section: Il-6 Is An Interleukin Secreted By Macrophages and T Lymphocmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonetheless, it is important to evaluate the vaccine in different populations especially in countries where other EV-A71 genotypes are circulating.The neutralization titres were significantly higher in vaccine groups compared with placebo groups, and recipients of all the three vaccines demonstrated high geometric mean titres up to 2 years later.A neutralization titre of >1:16 is suggestive of cross-protection against other genotypes,175 and a titre of >1:42 has been recently been proposed as a correlate of long-term protection 182. However, all three vaccines do not offer cross-protection against other enteroviruses [173][174][175]177,178. A few studies have described cellular immune responses towards the inactivated EV-A71 vaccine.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Immune responses against enterovirus A71 infection: Implications for vaccine success

Aw-Yong

NikNadia

Tan

et al. 2019

Reviews in Medical Virology

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Summary Enterovirus A71 (EV‐A71) from the Picornaviridae family is an important emerging pathogen causing hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) outbreaks worldwide. EV‐A71 also caused fatal neurological complications in young children especially in Asia. On the basis of seroepidemiological studies from many Asian countries, EV‐A71 infection is very common. Children of very young age are particularly vulnerable. Large‐scale epidemics that occur every 3 to 4 years are associated with accumulation of an immunologically naive younger population. Capsid proteins especially VP1 with the presence of major B‐ and T‐cell epitopes are the most antigenic proteins. The nonstructural proteins mainly contribute to T‐cell epitopes that induce cross‐reactive immune responses against other enteroviruses. Dominant epitopes and their neutralization magnitudes differ in mice, rabbits, and humans. Neutralizing antibody is sufficient for immune protection, but poorer cellular immunity may lead to severe neurological complications and deaths. Some chemokines/cytokines are consistently found in severely ill patients, for example, IL‐6, IL‐10, IL‐17A, MCP‐1, IL‐8, MIG, IP‐10, IFN‐γ, and G‐CSF. An increase in white cell counts is a risk factor for severe HFMD. Recent clinical trials on EV‐A71 inactivated vaccine showed >90% efficacy and a robust neutralization response that was protective, indicating neutralizing antibody correlates for protection. No protection against other enteroviruses was observed. A comprehensive understanding of the immune responses to EV‐A71 infection will benefit the development of diagnostic tools, potential therapeutics, and subunit vaccine candidates. Future development of a multivalent enterovirus vaccine will require knowledge of correlates of protection, understanding of cross‐protection and memory T‐cell responses among enteroviruses.

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Section: Prevention and Control: How Close We Are To Success?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Prevention and Control: How Close We Are To Success?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Il-6 Is An Interleukin Secreted By Macrophages and T Lymphocmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immune responses against enterovirus A71 infection: Implications for vaccine success

Aw-Yong

NikNadia

Tan

et al. 2019

Reviews in Medical Virology

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“…Meanwhile, to compensate for the low productivity deficits of inactivated vaccines, other strategies for vaccine development have been considered. Notwithstanding advancements in DNA vaccines [34], those containing recombinant protein subunits [35,36], and those containing live attenuated viruses [37][38][39], VLPs have yielded more advantageous recombinant vaccines. VLP vaccines can fuse multiple antigenic sites together to completely expose epitopes on the surface, thereby inducing a more effective immune response [20,22,[24][25][26][27]40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunization with a fusion protein vaccine candidate generated from truncated peptides of human enterovirus 71 protects mice from lethal enterovirus 71 infections

Liu¹,

Zhao²,

Xue

et al. 2020

Virol J

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Background: Prophylactic vaccines are critical in preventing hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) primarily caused by human enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection. Children aged less than 5 years are especially susceptible to EV71 infections. In addition to the development of vaccines containing the inactivated virus, those containing virus-like particles (VLPs) with repeated antigens also constitute an effective preventive strategy for EV71 infections, with safety and productivity advantages. We previously developed a fusion protein composed with truncated peptides of the EV71 capsid protein, which assembled into spherical particles. This study aimed to assess the immunoprotective effects of this fusion protein as a vaccine candidate in a mouse model of EV71 infection. Methods: To evaluate the protective effect of fusion protein vaccine candidate, neonatal mice born by immunized female mice, as well as normal neonatal mice immunized twice were infected with EV71 virus. Whereafter, the survival rates, clinical scores and viral loads were measured. Results: The high dosage and booster immunization helped induce specific serum antibodies with high neutralization titers, which were transferred to neonatal mice, thereby facilitating effective resistance towards EV71 infection. An active immune response was also observed in neonatal mice which generated following immunization. Conclusions: The present results suggest that this fusion protein is a suitable vaccine candidate in treating EV71 infections.

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Combating coxsackievirus B infections

Nekoua

Mercier

Vergez

et al. 2022

Reviews in Medical Virology

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Coxsackieviruses B (CVB) are small, non‐enveloped, single‐stranded RNA viruses belonging to the Enterovirus genus of the Picornaviridae family. They are common worldwide and cause a wide variety of human diseases ranging from those having relatively mild symptoms to severe acute and chronic pathologies such as cardiomyopathy and type 1 diabetes. The development of safe and effective strategies to combat these viruses remains a challenge. The present review outlines current approaches to control CVB infections and associated diseases. Various drugs targeting viral or host proteins involved in viral replication as well as vaccines have been developed and shown potential to prevent or combat CVB infections in vitro and in vivo in animal models. Repurposed drugs and alternative strategies targeting miRNAs or based on plant extracts and probiotics and their derivatives have also shown antiviral effects against CVB. In addition, clinical trials with vaccines and drugs are underway and offer hope for the prevention or treatment of CVB‐induced diseases.

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2-Year Efficacy, Immunogenicity, and Safety of Vigoo Enterovirus 71 Vaccine in Healthy Chinese Children: A Randomized Open-Label Study

Abstract: NCT01508247.

Cited by 54 publications

References 24 publications

Immune responses against enterovirus A71 infection: Implications for vaccine success

Immune responses against enterovirus A71 infection: Implications for vaccine success

Immunization with a fusion protein vaccine candidate generated from truncated peptides of human enterovirus 71 protects mice from lethal enterovirus 71 infections

Combating coxsackievirus B infections

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