2 The evolution of menopausal symptoms

Avis, Nancy E.; Kaufert, Patricia A.; Lock, Margaret; McKinlay, Sonja M.; Vass, Kerstin

doi:10.1016/s0950-351x(05)80268-x

Cited by 159 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Ethnic differences in vasomotor symptom reporting similar to those found here have been reported previously, 3,5,7,8,10,59 although no studies, to our knowledge, have examined longitudinal changes in vasomotor symptoms and changes in menopausal status according to race/ethnicity. We have shown previously that differences in symptom reporting are not due to speaking a language other than English.…”

Section: Consistency With Previous Findingssupporting

confidence: 87%

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Longitudinal Analysis of the Association Between Vasomotor Symptoms and Race/Ethnicity Across the Menopausal Transition: Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation

et al. 2006

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Objectives. We investigated whether vasomotor symptom reporting or patterns of change in symptom reporting over the perimenopausal transition among women enrolled in a national study differed according to race/ethnicity. We also sought to determine whether racial/ethnic differences were explained by sociodemographic, health, or lifestyle factors. Methods. We followed 3198 women enrolled in the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation during 1996 through 2002. We analyzed frequency of vasomotor symptom reporting using longitudinal multiple logistic regressions. Results. Rates of vasomotor symptom reporting were highest among African Americans (adjusted odds ratio [OR]=1.63; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.21, 2.20). The transition to late perimenopause exhibited the strongest association with vasomotor symptoms (adjusted OR = 6.64; 95% CI = 4.80, 9.20). Other risk factors were age (adjusted OR=1.17; 95% CI=1.13, 1.21), having less than a college education (adjusted OR = 1.91; 95% CI = 1.40, 2.61), increasing body mass index (adjusted OR=1.03 per unit of increase; 95% CI=1.01, 1.04), smoking (adjusted OR=1.63; 95% CI=1.25, 2.12), and anxiety symptoms at baseline (adjusted OR=3.10; 95% CI=2.33, 4.12). Conclusions. Among the risk factors assessed, vasomotor symptoms were most strongly associated with menopausal status. After adjustment for covariates, symptoms were reported most often in all racial/ethnic groups in late perimenopause and nearly as often in postmenopause.

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Section: Consistency With Previous Findingssupporting

confidence: 87%

“…7 Several studies have reported reduced frequencies of symptoms among Asian women. 3,[8][9][10][11][12][13] Because…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal Analysis of the Association Between Vasomotor Symptoms and Race/Ethnicity Across the Menopausal Transition: Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation

et al. 2006

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“…Role, social factors, and culture have a great impact on menopausal symptoms, as few studies have shown rates of depressive symptoms and hot lashes or sweats were signiicantly lower among Japanese women than females of American and Canadian population [9]. Such variations across cultures may relect diferences in…”

Section: Social Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological and Social Aspects of Menopause

Afridi¹

2017

A Multidisciplinary Look at Menopause

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Menopause is one of the age-related phases of physiological transition of females. There is robust research and information regarding its biological aspects specially its endocrine base, yet the psychosocial aspect is quite interesting and debatable due to its variability among diferent cultures and climates. There are certain subthreshold response in form fear and loss of reproductive life to no more ability to reproduce and a feeling of loss of femininity. The period of menstruation simulated to reproductive age or fertility is around half of their lives; therefore, loss of fertility or reproductive life may be a source of stress specially among tribes where long reproductive age period is desired on the cultural belief that this will lead to a large family size that is considered as a symbol of success. Psychological factors such personal or inter-psychic (personality, self-esteem, and coping skills) and intrapsychic (relationship issues and social support) may contribute in the onset, course, and repose to perimenopausal period. There are certain psychiatric conditions such as anxiety, depressive disorder, and premenstrual dysphoric syndrome related to premenopausal period that must be screened. Before embarking on pharmacological treatment, psychosocial intervention especially lifestyle modiications must be ofered to avoid complications.

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“…There is general consensus that women experience a wide range of physical and psychological symptoms during their midlife (1,2) . In the search for etiology, huge efforts have been made to identify potential influences on symptomatology by aging progress, endocrine changes, demographic characteristics, psychosocial factors, environmental conditions, ethnic-difference as well as differences between countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Background factors influencing somatic and psychological symptoms in middle-age women with different hormonal status

Borgfeldt

Samsioe

et al. 2005

Maturitas

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Access to the published version may require journal subscription.Published with permission from: Elsevier Methods: A total of 6917 women living in the Lund area of southern Sweden were participates of this study. They completed a generic questionnaire pertaining to sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle factors and current health related problems.According to hormonal status, the participants were subdivided into three groups, i.e.premenopause, postmenopause and peri-or postmenopausal women with hormone replacement therapy (HRT).Results: By using multiple logistic regression models, a high risk for somatic symptoms was independently associated with unemployment, no exercise, un-married, high body weight, and diseases affecting the cardiovascular system as well as a history of cancer. .Psychological symptoms were independently associated with higher educational level, unemployment, no exercise, un-married, heavy smoking habits (>15 cig/day), weight gain, and a history of cancer. In addition, the background factors seemed to have less impact on symptoms among women who used HRT. Conclusion:Socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors and concurrent health problems appear to have influences on the frequency and the number of somatic and psychological symptoms in middle-age women. Hormone replacement therapy seems to be able to counteract negative impacts caused by un-healthy lifestyle and other health problems.3 3

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2 The evolution of menopausal symptoms

Cited by 159 publications

References 14 publications

Longitudinal Analysis of the Association Between Vasomotor Symptoms and Race/Ethnicity Across the Menopausal Transition: Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation

Longitudinal Analysis of the Association Between Vasomotor Symptoms and Race/Ethnicity Across the Menopausal Transition: Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation

Psychological and Social Aspects of Menopause

Background factors influencing somatic and psychological symptoms in middle-age women with different hormonal status

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