2-Phenylimidazole Corrosion Inhibitor on Copper: An XPS and ToF-SIMS Surface Analytical Study

Abstract

This work presents a surface analytical study of the corrosion inhibitor 2-phenylimidazole (2PhI) adsorbed on a Cu surface from 3 wt.% NaCl solution. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) were used to investigate the surface phenomena. Various XPS experiments were performed, i.e., survey- and angle-resolved high-resolution XPS spectra measurements, gas cluster ion beam sputtering in conjunction with XPS measurements, and XPS imaging in conjunction with principal component analysis. These measurements were used to detail the composition of the surface layer at depth. In addition, various ToF-SIMS experiments were performed, such as positive ion ToF-SIMS spectral measurements, ToF-SIMS imaging, and cooling/heating in conjunction with ToF-SIMS measurements. This study shows that organometallic complexes were formed between 2PhI molecules and Cu ions, that the surface layer contained entrapped NaCl, that the surface layer contained some Cu(II) species (but the majority of species were Cu(I)-containing species), that the surface was almost completely covered with a combination of 2PhI molecules and organometallic complex, and that the temperature stability of these species increases when 2PhI is included in the organometallic complex.

ToF-SIMS, XPS and DFT study of the adsorption of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole on copper in neutral aqueous solution and corrosion protection in chloride solution

“…The complementarity of ToF-SIMS and XPS is known to gain in precision to determine the orientation of molecules adsorbed on a surface. The combination of these two methods was used recently by Finšgar to study the adsorption of azole on oxidized copper in NaCl [27] and of MBT on an Al alloy [5]. For Cu, the author concluded to the formation of a layer of azoles, above which a layer of Cu-azole complexes was redeposited after Cu dissolution.…”

Synthesis, Characterization and Investigation of Anticorrosion Properties of an Innovative Metal–Organic Framework, ZnMOF-BTA, on Carbon Steel in HCl Solution

“…The corrosion parameters such as corrosion potential (E corr ), anodic Tafel slope (βa), cathodic Tafel slope (βc), and the corrosion current densities (i corr ) were obtained by extrapolating the Tafel slope [47] and are shown in Table 6. The percentage inhibition efficiency I.E p (%) and the surface coverage (θ) were calculated using Equation (5). Figure 8 shows a shift of both anodic and cathodic curves to lower current densities on the addition of the ZnMOF-BTA extract; this indicates that ZnMOF-BTA extract reduces the corrosion rate of carbon steel.…”

“…Corrosion inhibitors have been widely used to reduce corrosion rates and protect metals against degradation, especially in acidic media, in the presence of chlorides [4]. Because of their donor-acceptor interaction with the metal and the creation of a protective layer on the metal surface, inhibitors can effectively reduce the corrosion rate even at extremely low concentrations [5].…”

“…These features are believed to provide suitable sites for the adsorption of the inhibitor onto the metal surface, hence forming a protective film that creates a barrier between the metal surface and its environment. Azole compounds (thiazole, benzotriazole, imidazole, and thiadiazole), amines, Schiff bases, and amino acid drug compounds have been successfully used for the protection of metals such as aluminum, copper, and alloys [5,8].…”

Electrochemical and molecular modelling studies of corrosion inhibition characteristics of imidazolines on 1Cr steel under sweet conditions

“…Among these isomeric forms, the 2-imidazoline isomer is the most commonly found [2,3]. The derivatives of imidazoline like 2-Methyl-2imidazoline (2-MI) and 2-Phenyl-2-imidazoline (2-PI) have shown to provide high efficiencies in different environments on different metals [1,[4][5][6]. For example, high corrosion inhibition efficiency (> 80%) has been reported for 2-MI and 2-PI on 1018 carbon steel in the sulphuric environment [7].…”