2-Nonenal-Ovulatory Specific Volatiles in Human Saliva throughout Menstrual Cycle by Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry Analysis

Alagendran, S; Archunan, Govindaraju; Rameshkumar, Karuna; Kadalmani, Balamuthu; Rodriguez, Jorge Arturo de León; Martínez, G.; Guzmán, Rosalinda Guevara

doi:10.3844/ajbbsp.2010.187.194

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…Twenty six compounds were reported in the saliva samples, mainly fatty acids and hydrocarbons. Solvent extraction/derivatisation combined with GCMS was also used by Alagendran et al to study salivary VOC's during the menstrual cycle [164]. They found 15 compounds to be associated with ovulation and menstrual cycles; these volatiles include acids, aldehydes, amines and alcohols.…”

Section: Volatile Organic Compounds From Salivamentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the volatiles from the healthy human body

et al. 2014

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A compendium of all the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emanating from the human body (the volatolome) is for the first time reported. 1840 VOCs have been assigned from breath (872), saliva (359), blood (154), milk (256), skin secretions (532) urine (279), and faeces (381) in apparently healthy individuals. Compounds were assigned CAS registry numbers and named according to a common convention where possible. The compounds have been grouped into tables according to their chemical class or functionality to permit easy comparison. Some clear differences are observed, for instance, a lack of esters in urine with a high number in faeces. Careful use of the database is needed. The numbers may not be a true reflection of the actual VOCs present from each bodily excretion. The lack of a compound could be due to the techniques used or reflect the intensity of effort e.g. there are few publications on VOCs from blood compared to a large number on VOCs in breath. The large number of volatiles reported from skin is partly due to the methodologies used, e.g. collecting excretions on glass beads and then heating to desorb VOCs. All compounds have been included as reported (unless there was a clear discrepancy between name and chemical structure), but there may be some mistaken assignations arising from the original publications, particularly for isomers. It is the authors' intention that this database will not only be a useful database of VOCs listed in the literature, but will stimulate further study of VOCs from healthy individuals. Establishing a list of volatiles emanating from healthy individuals and increased understanding of VOC metabolic pathways is an important step for differentiating between diseases using VOCs.

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Section: Volatile Organic Compounds From Salivamentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the volatiles from the healthy human body

et al. 2014

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“…Nagler et al found a correlation between compounds in blood and saliva [219]. Whole saliva includes VOCs derived from serum, blood, gingival exudate, nasal cavity, gastrointestinal reflux, food debris, microorganisms, commercial products and environmental pollution [71, [220][221][222][223][224][225]. VOCs in inhaled and exhaled air dissolve differentially in saliva influencing its composition [71].…”

Section: Volatiles In Skin Emanations Saliva Urine and Fecesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The human volatilome: volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath, skin emanations, urine, feces and saliva

et al. 2014

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Breath analysis is a young field of research with its roots in antiquity. Antoine Lavoisier discovered carbon dioxide in exhaled breath during the period 1777-1783, Wilhelm (Vilém) Petters discovered acetone in breath in 1857 and Johannes Müller reported the first quantitative measurements of acetone in 1898. A recent review reported 1765 volatile compounds appearing in exhaled breath, skin emanations, urine, saliva, human breast milk, blood and feces. For a large number of compounds, real-time analysis of exhaled breath or skin emanations has been performed, e.g., during exertion of effort on a stationary bicycle or during sleep. Volatile compounds in exhaled breath, which record historical exposure, are called the 'exposome'. Changes in biogenic volatile organic compound concentrations can be used to mirror metabolic or (patho)physiological processes in the whole body or blood concentrations of drugs (e.g. propofol) in clinical settings-even during artificial ventilation or during surgery. Also compounds released by bacterial strains like Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Streptococcus pneumonia could be very interesting. Methyl methacrylate (CAS 80-62-6), for example, was observed in the headspace of Streptococcus pneumonia in concentrations up to 1420 ppb. Fecal volatiles have been implicated in differentiating certain infectious bowel diseases such as Clostridium difficile, Campylobacter, Salmonella and Cholera. They have also been used to differentiate other non-infectious conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease. In addition, alterations in urine volatiles have been used to detect urinary tract infections, bladder, prostate and other cancers. Peroxidation of lipids and other biomolecules by reactive oxygen species produce volatile compounds like ethane and 1-pentane. Noninvasive detection and therapeutic monitoring of oxidative stress would be highly desirable in autoimmunological, neurological, inflammatory diseases and cancer, but also during surgery and in intensive care units. The investigation of cell cultures opens up new possibilities for elucidation of the biochemical background of volatile compounds. In future studies, combined investigations of a particular compound with regard to human matrices such as breath, urine, saliva and cell culture investigations will lead to novel scientific progress in the field.

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“…Whole saliva includes a number of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) which could be derived from serum, blood, gingival exudates, skin lipids, microorganisms, commercial products, medicines, environmental pollution, and food debris (Kaufman and Lamster 2002a, 2002b, Kostelc et al 1981, Martin et al 2012, the oropharynx, nasal cavity, upper airway and from gastrointestinal reflux (Lima et al 2010, Pfaffe et al 2011, Soini et al 2010, Kusano et al 2011, Kaufman and Lamster 2002a, Alagendran et al 2010.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their study of a liver disorder group failed to produce any definitive differences. Alagendran et al (2010) used solvent extraction/derivatization with GC-MS to identify salivary volatiles during the menstrual cycle to assess ovulation and reproductive phases in women. They identified that 2-nonenal, acetic acid, acetaldehyde and dodecanol are ovulatory specific whereas butanoic acid, 2-propenyl ester, skatole and 3-hexanol were present in follicular and luteal phases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An investigation of volatile organic compounds from the saliva of healthy individuals using headspace-trap/GC-MS

2013

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Abstract:Analysis of VOCs from saliva, to aid disease diagnoses, has received little attention. This work aims to address the paucity of information on saliva volatiles and includes a database of newly identified compounds whilst incorporating a review of the literature. The volatile constituents in the headspace of whole saliva obtained from 10 healthy individuals were examined in a longitudinal study over a period of 10 days using Headspace-Trap Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (HS-Trap-GC-MS). A total of 317 compounds (268 identified) were found and compared across subjects and between samples with 34 VOCs being present in all 100 samples.The average number of compounds per subject ranged from 121 to 150 over a 10 day period and was fairly consistent for a particular individual (s.d. ranged from 3-15). However, the number of compounds present in an individual on all 10 days was substantially lower ranging between 65 and 109, showing that there is significant daily variation in salivary composition. A core group of ubiquitous VOCs were found with the remaining VOCs showing significant intra and inter individual variability. Saliva VOCs have been found to be readily analysed using the HS-trap technique and studies on the VOCs from healthy individuals should be of utility for comparison with VOCs analysed from samples from diseased groups.2

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2-Nonenal-Ovulatory Specific Volatiles in Human Saliva throughout Menstrual Cycle by Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry Analysis

Cited by 15 publications

References 24 publications

A review of the volatiles from the healthy human body

A review of the volatiles from the healthy human body

The human volatilome: volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath, skin emanations, urine, feces and saliva

An investigation of volatile organic compounds from the saliva of healthy individuals using headspace-trap/GC-MS

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