2 Multiple Endo-1, 4-β-D-glucanase (Cellulase) Genes in Arabidopsis

Campillo, Elena del

doi:10.1016/s0070-2153(08)60325-7

Cited by 69 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…The shedding of an organ may not be defined by a single process or even a linear sequence of processes. Attempts to single out individual hydrolytic enzymes as rate limiting for cell separation have met with limited success (Gonzalez-Carranza et al, 1998;del Campillo, 1999). Transgenic plants containing RNA antisense to ␤-1,4-glucanases and polygalacturonases targeted to the abscission zone have failed to specifically regulate abscission in several species (Lashbrook et al, 1998;Sander et al, 2001;Taylor and Whitelaw, 2001;Roberts et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethylene-Dependent and -Independent Processes Associated with Floral Organ Abscission in Arabidopsis

2004

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Abscission is an important developmental process in the life cycle of the plant, regulating the detachment of organs from the main body of the plant. This mechanism can be initiated in response to environmental cues such as disease or pathogen, or it can be a programmed shedding of organs that no longer provide essential functions to the plant. We have identified five novel dab (delayed floral organ abscission) mutants (dab1-1, dab2-1, dab3-1, dab3-2, and dab3-3) in Arabidopsis. These mutants each display unique anatomical and physiological characteristics and are governed by three independent loci. Scanning electron microscopy shows delayed development of the flattened fracture plane in some mutants and irregular elongation in the cells of the fracture plane in other mutants. The anatomical observations are also supported by breakstrength measurements that show high breakstrength associated with broken cells, moderate levels for the flattened fracture plane, and low levels associated with the initial rounding of cells. In addition, observations on the expression patterns in the abscission zone of cell wall hydrolytic enzymes, chitinase and cellulose, show altered patterns in the mutants. Last, we have compared these mutants with the ethylene-insensitive mutants etr1-1 and ein2-1 to determine if ethylene is an essential component of the abscission process and find that although ethylene can accelerate abscission under many conditions, the perception of ethylene is not essential. The role of the dab genes and the ethylene response genes during the abscission process is discussed.Abscission, the developmental process regulating detachment of organs from the main body of the plant, can be regarded as valuable to the plant in response to disease or pathogen challenge and the shedding of organs that no longer provide essential functions to the plant. Historically, ethylene treatment has been shown to result in early abscission and increases in cell wall hydrolytic enzymes. In their studies on Prunus serrulata senriko and Parthenocissus quinquefolia, Jackson and Osborne (1970) concluded that ethylene was not only responsible for accelerating abscission but an essential regulator of abscission. Alternatively, crops like Citrus sinensis appear to have limited responses to ethylene treatment (Lewis et al., 1968;Palmer et al., 1969). Although the role of ethylene in hastening abscission has been documented repeatedly in many plant species over the last several decades, it has never been shown definitively that ethylene perception in these plants is essential for abscission (Addicott, 1982; Abeles et al., 1992). Previously, we have illustrated that floral organ abscission in Arabidopsis may be used as a model system to study abscission (Bleecker and Patterson, 1997). In this work, we will further elucidate the role of ethylene in floral organ abscission by the identification and characterization of five novel dab (delayed abscission) mutants (dab1-1, dab2-1, dab3-1, dab3-2, and dab3-3), representing three independent loc...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethylene-Dependent and -Independent Processes Associated with Floral Organ Abscission in Arabidopsis

2004

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“…Molecular biology techniques and the complete sequencing of the Arabidopsis thaliana genome greatly contributed to the description of many CWP gene families and their transcriptional regulation [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. It was found that most CWP are encoded by multigene families.…”

Section: Towards a More Comprehensive View Of Cell Wall Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell wall proteins: a new insight through proteomics

Jamet

Canut

Boudart

et al. 2006

Trends in Plant Science

252

211

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Cell wall proteins (CWP) are essential constituents of plant cell walls involved in modifications of cell wall components, wall structure, signaling, and interactions with plasma membrane proteins at the cell surface. The application of proteomic approaches to the cell wall compartment raises important questions: Are there technical problems specific to cell wall proteomics? What kinds of proteins can be found in Arabidopsis walls? Are some of them unexpected? What sort of post-translational modifications have so far been characterized in CWP? The purpose of this review is to discuss the experimental results obtained so far using protomics, as well as some of the new questions challenging future research. Glossary AGP (arabinogalactan proteins):cell wall highly glycosylated HRGP that contain repetitive motifs such as (Ser, Thr, Ala)-Hyp-(Ser, Thr, Ala)-Hyp or (Ser, Thr, Ala)-Hyp-Hyp. AG (arabinogalactan)-peptides: AGP that have a predicted mature protein backbone of 10 to 13 amino acid residues. BBE: berberine-bridge (S)-reticulin:oxygen oxidoreductases. CWP: cell wall proteins. Extensins: cell wall structural HRGP, with numerous Ser-Hyp n (n≥3) motifs separated by Tyr-, Lys-, His-and Val-rich regions. GAP (glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchored proteins): proteins that are lipid-anchored to the external phase of the plasma membrane. GH (glycoside hydrolases): enzymes that hydrolyze the glycosidic bond between two carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. HRGP: hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins, i.e. extensins and AGP. Lectins: structurally diverse proteins that bind to specific carbohydrates. LRR (leucine-rich repeat): short sequence motifs having diverse functions and cellular locations, usually involved in protein-protein interactions. PME (pectin methylesterases): enzymes that catalyze the de-esterification of pectin into pectate and methanol. Proteome: the complete profile of proteins expressed, at a given time and environmental conditions, in a given organ, tissue, or cell. PRP (proline-rich proteins): structural CWP rich in proline residues. Transcriptome: the complete collection of transcribed elements of the genome.

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“…The KOR subfamily consists of three genes KOR, KOR2 and KOR3 and all members are involved in cell wall assembly (Del Campillo, 1999;Molhoj et al, 2001;. KOR is strongly expressed throughout the whole plant, whereas KOR2 has a more specific expression pattern (Molhoj et al, 2001;.…”

Section: Specific Expression Of Endo-14-b-glucanase Genes In Nematodmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The general function is usually linked to processes such as cell wall biosynthesis and modifications, cell elongation and differentiation, organ abscission (Del Campillo and Bennett, 1996) and fruit ripening (Rose and Bennett, 1999). The family consists of two groups: enzymes with a putative signal peptide (a-and b-subfamily) coding for secreted proteins and enzymes with a membrane-anchoring domain (c-subfamily) coding for non-secreted proteins (Del Campillo, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They do not act on crystalline cellulose, xyloglucan or xylans (Master et al, 2004;Molhoj et al, 2001). Three hypotheses on their function are proposed: they are involved in (i) chain termination during cellulose biosynthesis, (ii) in the degradation of a b-Dglucans that are not properly crystallised into cellulose micro-fibrils and (iii) in hydrolysis of lipid-linked intermediates acting as primers for the elongation of b-glucan chains (Del Campillo, 1999;Libertini et al, 2003;Peng et al, 2002;Reiter, 2002;Robert et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Arabidopsis endo‐1,4‐β‐glucanases are involved in the formation of root syncytia induced by Heterodera schachtii

et al. 2007

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SummaryCyst nematodes induce root syncytia with specific features such as hypertrophy, increased metabolic activity and fusion with adjacent cells. Cell walls of the syncytia undergo massive changes such as thickening, local dissolution and formation of ingrowths. Cell wall degrading and modifying proteins are apparently involved in syncytium formation but detailed knowledge of this is still limited. Therefore, we studied the regulation and function of the entire Arabidopsis endo-1,4-b-glucanase gene family in syncytia induced by Heterodera schachtii. Endo-1,4-b-glucanases hydrolyze the 1,4-b-glucosidic linkages between glucose residues. Using semi-quantitative and quantitative approaches we identified seven genes that are upregulated in syncytia. Two of these genes, coding for secreted AtCel2 and membrane-bound KOR3, are shoot-specific but show high expression in syncytia at different developmental stages. In silico analysis of the promoter regions of both genes compared with other genes with modified regulation in nematode feeding sites did not reveal specific cis-acting elements that could be related to specific transcription in syncytia. However, motifs responsive to sugar and different plant hormones were identified. Accordingly, treatments with sucrose, gibberellic acid and NAA induced upregulation of AtCel2, whereas ABA triggered downregulation of both AtCel2 and KOR3 in roots. As AtCel2 is related to degradation of the cell wall matrix, we analysed the hemicellulose content in syncytia. The measured values resembled the expression pattern of AtCel2. A distinctly reduced number of females developed in cel2 and kor3 T-DNA mutants, and we therefore conclude that endo-1,4-b-glucanases play an important role in the formation and function of syncytia.

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2 Multiple Endo-1, 4-β-D-glucanase (Cellulase) Genes in Arabidopsis

Cited by 69 publications

References 62 publications

Ethylene-Dependent and -Independent Processes Associated with Floral Organ Abscission in Arabidopsis

Ethylene-Dependent and -Independent Processes Associated with Floral Organ Abscission in Arabidopsis

Cell wall proteins: a new insight through proteomics

Arabidopsis endo‐1,4‐β‐glucanases are involved in the formation of root syncytia induced by Heterodera schachtii

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