2-Methyl Nonyl Ketone From Houttuynia Cordata Thunb Alleviates LPS-Induced Inflammatory Response and Oxidative Stress in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells

Abstract

Mastitis is one of the most common diseases in dairy cows, causing huge economic losses to the dairy industry every year. Houttuynia Cordata Thunb (H.cordata) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine that is widely used in clinical treatment. However, the therapeutic effect of 2-methyl nonyl ketone (MNK), the main volatile oil component in the aqueous vapor extract of H. cordata, on mastitis has been less studied. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect and mechanism of MNK against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mastitis in vitro. The results showed that MNK pretreatment of the bovine mammary epithelial cell line (MAC-T) enhanced cell viability and inhibited LPS-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and inflammatory response. MNK reduced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) by repressing LPS-induced activation of Toll-like receptor 4-nuclear factor-κB (TLR4-NF-κB) signaling pathway. In addition, MNK protected cells from inflammatory responses by blocking the downstream signaling of inflammatory factors. MNK also induced Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1) production by Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway through AKT and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways, thereby reducing LPS-induced oxidative damage for MAC-T cells. In conclusion, MNK played a protective role against LPS-induced cell injury. This provides a theoretical basis for the research and development of MNK as a novel therapeutic agent for mastitis.

Berberine Depresses Inflammation and Adjusts Smooth Muscle to Ameliorate Ulcerative Colitis of Cats by Regulating Gut Microbiota

“…As expected, the cats with DSS-induced colitis showed various disease features comparable to those observed in patients with UC. The use of antibiotics and immune-suppressive drugs for colitis has become common, but most of these treatments have side effects ( 38 , 39 ). As an alternative, traditional plant therapy has received increasing attention.…”

Lnc‐ANRIL modulates the immune response associated with NF‐κB pathway in LPS‐stimulated bovine mammary epithelial cells

“…The cells were then cultured within DMEM/F12 (Thermo Fisher Scientific) that contained 10% fetal bovine serum (Gibico) and incubated within the humid incubator under 37°C and 5% CO 2 conditions, along with the change of medium every 3 days. Cultured MAC‐T cells were seeded in 6‐well plates and treated with 100 ng/mL LPS (Gibco) 19 for 24 h to induce an inflammatory cell model after 70%–80% confluence.…”