2<i>µ</i>m mode-locked thulium-doped fiber laser using Mach–Zehnder interferometer tuning capability

Ahmad, Harith; Sharbirin, A.S.; Muhamad, Aida; Samion, Muhamad Zharif; Ismail, M. F.

doi:10.1088/1555-6611/aa6bd8

Cited by 20 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…With the shift in wavelength spectrum from 1893 to 1898.4 nm, the Δλ and τ only changed within the range of 2.7 to 3.4 nm and 1.12 to 1.4 ps. Minor variations in pulse widths are due to the different optical losses and dispersions at separate polarization states, which are wavelengthdependent [73].…”

Section: 2 Tunable Mode-locked Thulium-holmium Fiber Lasermentioning

confidence: 99%

Wavelength-tunable mode-locked laser using zinc phosphate as a saturable absorber at 1.9 μm

et al. 2023

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Metal phosphates have emerged as low-cost inorganic materials suitable for high-performance energy storage and conversion devices. The photoluminescence properties of metal phosphates are now being explored for their optoelectronic applications. Among them, zinc phosphate is the composition of metal zinc and phosphoric acid. In this work, we have demonstrated the synthesis of zinc phosphate by the solvothermal method and its potential as a saturable absorber (SA) to generate a tunable mode-locked laser at 1.9 µm. Zinc phosphate was coated over arc-shaped fiber and incorporated in a thulium-holmium doped fiber laser (THDFL) to achieve the mode-locking. Soliton mode-locked pulses were achieved at a center wavelength of 1893 nm with the pulse duration, repetition rate, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 1.12 ps, 12 MHz, and 68 dB, respectively. The center wavelength of the mode-locked laser was tunable from 1893 to 1898.4 nm, and the pulse duration ranged between 1.12 to 1.4 ps. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a wavelength-tunable mode-locked laser using zinc phosphate as a SA at 1.9 µm.

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Section: 2 Tunable Mode-locked Thulium-holmium Fiber Lasermentioning

confidence: 99%

Wavelength-tunable mode-locked laser using zinc phosphate as a saturable absorber at 1.9 μm

et al. 2023

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“…In 2016, Ahmad first utilized SNPs SA to achieve a Q‐switched TDFL operating at 2 µm, which exhibited application prospects in eye‐safe applications. [ 157 ] Notably, Lv et al. reported on mode‐locked lasers at 1, 1.5, and 2 µm realized by the silver nanowire (SNW) SA with a minimum pulse duration of 464 fs and SNR up to 63 dB.…”

Section: Applications In Ultrafast Lasersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances and Challenges in Ultrafast Photonics Enabled by Metal Nanomaterials

Wang

Liu

Chao

et al. 2022

Advanced Optical Materials

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absorbers (SAs) are widely used to obtain ultrafast lasers. Mode-locking indicates a fixed phase between longitudinal modes in spectral domain, while Q-switching refers to the giant pulse formation due to the tunable Q factor of the laser cavity. Saturable absorption represents the optical modulation that absorption coefficient of SAs decreases with the increase of incident optical intensity, where SAs are often categorized into artificial and real SAs. [7][8][9] Artificial SAs mainly consist of nonlinear polarization evolution, [10,11] nonlinear optical loop mirrors, [12][13][14] and nonlinear amplification loop mirrors, [15,16] which fulfill the function of saturable absorption by means of nonlinear effects. By contrast, real SAs are characterized by the inherent nonlinear absorption property of the materials. Semiconductor saturable absorber mirror is a typical real SA and widely used in diverse lasers. However, several drawbacks such as complex fabrication and narrow operating bandwidth restrict its applications. [17][18][19][20][21] Under such circumstances, nanomaterials emerge as SAs of distinction where 2D nanomaterials have been widely investigated because of the unique optical properties induced by the energy band structures. [22][23][24][25][26][27][28] Graphene possesses zero bandgap and ultrafast carrier dynamics properties, contributing to a broad operating bandwidth and fast response time. [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] Nevertheless, the modulation depth of ≈2.3% per layer limits Nanomaterials with outstanding optical properties are widely used in ultrafast photonics. Especially, metal nanomaterials have attracted increasing attention in recent years owing to the surface plasmon resonance that further enhances their nonlinear optical response, making them suitable for generating ultrafast pulses in a wide range of wavebands. Herein, the fabrication and integration processes of typical metal nanomaterials such as gold, silver, and copper, as well as their applications in ultrafast lasers are reviewed. The synthesis methods of metal nanomaterials, which can be divided into dry and wet methods, are first introduced with their characteristics and advantages summarized. Moreover, the integration approaches that are used to incorporate metal nanomaterials into laser cavities are discussed, where sandwich structure based on polymer film and deposition method, as well as evanescent-wave structure based on D-shaped and tapered fiber are demonstrated. Besides, the state of the art of typical ultrafast lasers enabled by metal nanoparticles is systematically reviewed. Finally, current challenges and perspectives on the development of ultrafast photonics enabled by metal nanomaterials are proposed.

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“…In order to obtain wavelength tuning in fiber lasers, spectral filters such as high-birefringence optical loop mirrors [9,10], fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) [11,12], Mach-Zehnder interferometers [13], fiber tapers [14], polarization variation devices [15] are commonly used. In this regard, wavelength filters based on multimodal interference (MMI) [16][17][18] ex-hibit advantages, compare to other filters, for their use in laser wavelength tuning due to its low cost, easy construction, and compactness, compared to other filters [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fiber laser refractometer operating in the 2 μm spectral region based on the MMI effect

Gaspar-Ramírez

Álvarez-Tamayo

Prieto-Cortés

et al. 2021

Supl. Rev. Mex. Fis.

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We experimentally demonstrate a fiber laser refractometer based on the use of a multimode interference (MMI) fiber structure. The MMI filter is constructed with an uncladded fiber segment which acts as sensing element to determine the refractive index (RI) of liquid solutions. The laser emission, generated at the 2 μm waveband, is wavelength shifted in linear proportion to the RI of the liquid. The proposed fiber laser refractometer exhibits high sensibility of 937.81 nm/RIU.

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2µm mode-locked thulium-doped fiber laser using Mach–Zehnder interferometer tuning capability

Cited by 20 publications

References 47 publications

Wavelength-tunable mode-locked laser using zinc phosphate as a saturable absorber at 1.9 μm

Wavelength-tunable mode-locked laser using zinc phosphate as a saturable absorber at 1.9 μm

Recent Advances and Challenges in Ultrafast Photonics Enabled by Metal Nanomaterials

Fiber laser refractometer operating in the 2 μm spectral region based on the MMI effect

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