2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl Methacrylate/(2-Hydroxyethyl) Methacrylate/α-Tricalcium Phosphate Cryogels for Bone Repair, Preparation and Evaluation of the Biological Response of Human Trabecular Bone-Derived Cells and Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Abstract

Abstract:The aim of this work is to evaluate the potential of cryogels to be used as scaffolds in tissue engineering. Scaffolds based on the α-tricalcium phosphate reinforced PDMAEMA (Poly(dimethyl aminoethyl methacrylate))/PHEMA (poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate)) system were prepared and human trabecular bone-derived cells (HTBs) and bone marrow derived-mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) cultured on them. Several features, such as porosity, pore shape, molecular weight between crosslinks and mesh size, are studied. The most suitable PDMAEMA/PHEMA ratio for cell proliferation has been assessed and the viability, adhesion, proliferation and expression of osteoblastic biochemical markers are evaluated. The PDMAEMA/PHEMA ratio influences the scaffolds porosity. Values between 53% ± 5.7% for a greater content in PHEMA and 75% ± 5.5% for a greater content in PDMAEMA have been obtained. The polymer ratio also modifies the pore shape. A greater content in PDMAEMA leads also to bigger network mesh size. Each of the compositions were non-cytotoxic, the seeded cells remained viable for both BM-MSCs and HTBs. Thus, and based on the structural analysis, specimens with a greater content in PDMAEMA seem to provide a better structural environment for their use as scaffolds for tissue engineering. The α-tricalcium phosphate incorporation into the composition seems to favor the expression of the osteogenic phenotype.

Scaling Behavior and Structure–Property Relationships of Multifunctional Ternary‐Hydrogels Based on N‐Alkyl Methacrylate Esters: Property Tunability through Versatile Synthesis

“…The first step or the second step was split in two parts depending on the type of comonomer incorporated into the network. [21,22] When GMA was incorporated as comonomer, the second degradation step was divided into two parts, while when DMAEMA was incorporated as comonomer, the first degradation step was divided into two parts.…”

Bioinspired Remineralization of Artificial Caries Lesions Using PDMAEMA/Carbomer/Calcium Phosphates Hybrid Microgels

“…Due to its charge, it is also characterized by good mucoadhesive properties [ 19 ]. Moreover, a greater content of PDMAEMA is reported to provide a better structural environment for the application of PDMAEMA-based materials as scaffolds for tissue engineering bone repair [ 20 ]. PDMAEMA is widely used as antibacterial agent and that is why, probably, PDMAEMA application in dental medicine has been limited to only its antibacterial activity to date, e.g., as a tool for fighting against the oral biofilm formation.…”

Mechanistic Investigation of the Counterion-Induced UCST Behavior of Poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) Polymer Brushes

“…As a water-soluble weak polyelectrolyte, it has been extensively studied due to its extraordinary responsivity. − Caused by tertiary amine groups, which may be present in protonated or neutral state, the charge density of the polybase varies according to the local pH value. Whereas a highly charged state is obtained under acidic conditions, the neutral form dominates in the pH range above the reported p K a value of around 7.0–7.5. − Based on its polyelectrolyte character and amphiphilic structure, PDMAEMA is known to respond to multiple stimuli such as pH, temperature (LCST), and ionic strength. , Therefore, it offers a promising potential in the context of biomedical applications, especially in the field of controlled drug release systems, , tissue-engineering, − reversible protein adsorption, antibacterial surfaces, as well as switchable nanopores . Because of its polycationic structure at low pH values, PDMAEMA is also able to interact with anionic compounds such as DNA, which has evoked much interest in the design of nonviral gene vectors …”