2-D energy analyzer for low energy electrons

Karkare, Siddharth; Cultrera, L.; Hwang, Y.; Merluzzi, Richard; Bazarov, Ivan

doi:10.1063/1.4913655

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In this case, the challenge lies in the fast electronics required. A slow electron source could be, for example, an ultra-cold GaAs photocathode [92,93], which has demonstrated beams with less than 1 eV average energy and less than 50 meV energy spread [94]. Such slow 0.1 − 1 eV electrons traversing a trap with a typical length of 100 − 200 µm, requires turning the trap on faster than a 0.1 − 1 ns.…”

Section: Low Energy Electron Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid quantum systems with trapped charged particles

2017

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Trapped charged particles have been at the forefront of quantum information processing (QIP) for a few decades now, with deterministic two-qubit logic gates reaching record fidelities of 99.9% and single qubit operations of much higher fidelity. In a hybrid system involving trapped charges, quantum degrees of freedom of macroscopic objects such as bulk acoustic resonators, superconducting circuits or nano-mechanical membranes, couple to the trapped charges and ideally inherit the coherent properties of the charges. The hybrid system therefore implements a "quantum transducer", where the quantum reality (i.e. superpositions and entanglement) of small objects is extended to include the larger object. Although a hybrid quantum system with trapped charges could be valuable both for fundamental research and for QIP application, no such system exists today. Here we study theoretically the possibilities of coupling the quantum mechanical motion of a trapped charged particle (e.g. ion or electron) to quantum degrees of freedom of superconducting devices, nano-mechanical resonators and quartz bulk acoustic wave resonators. For each case, we estimate the coupling rate between the charged particle and its macroscopic counterpart and compare it to the decoherence rate, i.e. the rate at which quantum superposition decays. A hybrid system can only be considered quantum if the coupling rate significantly exceeds all decoherence rates. Our approach is to examine specific examples, using parameters that are experimentally attainable in the foreseeable future. We conclude that those hybrid quantum system considered involving an atomic ion are unfavorable, compared to using an electron, since the coupling rates between the charged particle and its counterpart are slower than the expected decoherence rates. A system based on trapped electrons, on the other hand, might have coupling rates which significantly exceed decoherence rates. Moreover it might have appealing properties such as fast entangling gates, long coherence and flexible electron interconnectivity topology. Realizing such a system, however, is technologically challenging, since it requires accommodating both trapping technology and superconducting circuitry in a compatible manner. We review some of the challenges involved, such as the required trap parameters, electron sources, electrical circuitry and cooling schemes in order to promote further investigations towards the realization of such a hybrid system. CONTENTS

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Section: Low Energy Electron Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid quantum systems with trapped charged particles

2017

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“…The most outstanding advantage of the VMI spectrometer is that an entire single Newton sphere is captured at once and various Newton spheres are simply superimposed. This implies that the mapping is non-destructive in the sense that no filter functions like retarding voltages in combination with pinholes need to be applied as for the 2D energy analyzer [297]. Therefore, it avoids slow electrons with their extremely stray-fieldsensitive trajectories.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terahertz Acceleration Technology Towards Compact Light Sources

Fallahi¹

2019

Preprint

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“…Longitudinal and transverse energy distributions can be measured using the principle of adiabatic invariance and the motion of low energy electrons in a strong magnetic field. 16,17 The configuration is shown in Fig. 2.…”

Section: Review Of Low Emittance Measurement Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A resolution of less than 6 meV rms in the energy distributions was demonstrated by this method. 16 The MTE of as low as 25 ± 2.5 meV has been measured from GaAs photocathodes using this technique. However, this technique does not allow measurement FIG.…”

Section: Review Of Low Emittance Measurement Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review and demonstration of ultra-low-emittance photocathode measurements

Lee

Karkare

Cultrera

et al. 2015

Review of Scientific Instruments

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This paper reports the development of a simple and reliable apparatus for measuring ultra-low emittance, or equivalently the mean transverse energy from cryogenically cooled photocathodes. The existing methods to measure ultra-low emittance from photocathodes are reviewed. Inspired by the available techniques, we have implemented two complementary methods, the waist scan and voltage scan, in one system giving consistent results. Additionally, this system is capable of measuring the emittance at electric fields comparable to those obtained in DC photoinjectors.

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2-D energy analyzer for low energy electrons

Cited by 9 publications

References 15 publications

Hybrid quantum systems with trapped charged particles

Hybrid quantum systems with trapped charged particles

Terahertz Acceleration Technology Towards Compact Light Sources

Review and demonstration of ultra-low-emittance photocathode measurements

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