2-Bromopropane Induced Germ Cell Apoptosis during Spermatogenesis in Male Rat.

Li, Guangxun; Kang, Kyungsik; Lee, Yong-Soon

doi:10.1292/jvms.63.373

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Similar results were obtained after testosterone affecting drug exposure [34] or after trauma [35]. After 6 weeks of hindlimb suspension with inguinal canal ligation, rats showed a significant decline in testicular weight compared with the control groups.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

The Impact of Long-Term Exposure to Space Environment on Adult Mammalian Organisms: A Study on Mouse Thyroid and Testis

et al. 2012

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Hormonal changes in humans during spaceflight have been demonstrated but the underlying mechanisms are still unknown. To clarify this point thyroid and testis/epididymis, both regulated by anterior pituitary gland, have been analyzed on long-term space-exposed male C57BL/10 mice, either wild type or pleiotrophin transgenic, overexpressing osteoblast stimulating factor-1. Glands were submitted to morphological and functional analysis.In thyroids, volumetric ratios between thyrocytes and colloid were measured. cAMP production in 10−7M and 10−8M thyrotropin-treated samples was studied. Thyrotropin receptor and caveolin-1 were quantitized by immunoblotting and localized by immunofluorescence. In space-exposed animals, both basal and thyrotropin-stimulated cAMP production were always higher. Also, the structure of thyroid follicles appeared more organized, while thyrotropin receptor and caveolin-1 were overexpressed. Unlike the control samples, in the space samples thyrotropin receptor and caveolin-1 were both observed at the intracellular junctions, suggesting their interaction in specific cell membrane microdomains.In testes, immunofluorescent reaction for 3β- steroid dehydrogenase was performed and the relative expressions of hormone receptors and interleukin-1β were quantified by RT-PCR. Epididymal sperm number was counted. In space-exposed animals, the presence of 3β and 17β steroid dehydrogenase was reduced. Also, the expression of androgen and follicle stimulating hormone receptors increased while lutenizing hormone receptor levels were not affected. The interleukin 1 β expression was upregulated. The tubular architecture was altered and the sperm cell number was significantly reduced in spaceflight mouse epididymis (approx. −90% vs. laboratory and ground controls), indicating that the space environment may lead to degenerative changes in seminiferous tubules.Space-induced changes of structure and function of thyroid and testis/epididymis could be responsible for variations of hormone levels in human during space missions. More research, hopefully a reflight of MDS, would be needed to establish whether the space environment acts directly on the peripheral glands or induces changes in the hypotalamus-pituitary-glandular axis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

The Impact of Long-Term Exposure to Space Environment on Adult Mammalian Organisms: A Study on Mouse Thyroid and Testis

et al. 2012

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“…Thus, it is important to establish the possible teratogenic effects of various chemical agents and environmental toxins. Exposure to 2-BP causes degeneration of germ cells via activation of apoptosis, and spermatogonia are the major target cells [2,32]. Interestingly, 2-BP induces apoptosis in germ cells through mitochondria-dependent apoptotic signaling molecules, Bcl-2/Bax, as well as Fas-FasL signaling pathway interactions [32].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytotoxic Effects of 2-Bromopropane on Embryonic Development in Mouse Blastocysts

Chan

2010

IJMS

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2-Bromopropane (2-BP), an alternative to ozone-depleting solvents, is used as a cleaning solvent. Here, we examined the cytotoxic effects of 2-bromopropane (2-BP) on mouse embryos at the blastocyst stage, subsequent embryonic attachment and outgrowth in vitro, and in vivo implantation via embryo transfer. Mouse blastocysts were incubated in medium with or without 2-BP (2.5, 5 or 10 μM) for 24 h. Cell proliferation and growth were investigated with dual differential staining, apoptosis was analyzed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) analysis, and implantation and post-implantation development of embryos were assessed using in vitro development analysis and in vivo embryo transfer, respectively. Blastocysts treated with 5 or 10 μM 2-BP displayed significantly increased apoptosis, and decreased inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE) cell number. Additionally, the implantation success rates of 2-BP-pretreated blastocysts were lower than those of untreated controls. In vitro treatment with 5 or 10 μM 2-BP was associated with increased resorption of postimplantation embryos, and decreased placental and fetal weights. Our results collectively indicate that in vitro exposure to 2-BP induces apoptosis, suppresses implantation rates after transfer to host mice, and retards early postimplantation development.

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“…Thus, it is important to establish the possible teratogenic effects of various chemical agents and environmental toxins. Exposure to 2-BP induces degeneration of germ cells via activation of apoptosis, and spermatogonia are the major target cells [3,27]. Interestingly, 2-BP triggers apoptosis in germ cells through the mitochondria-dependent apoptotic signaling molecules, Bcl-2/Bax, as well as Fas-FasL signaling pathway interactions [27].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The solvent was commonly used in an electronics factory located in South Korea [1,2]. Moreover, earlier reports found a high incidence of oligozoospermia in male workers after long-term exposure to 2-BP [1–3]. Several animal studies have further confirmed the potential of 2-BP to injure the reproductive, hematopoietic, central nervous, and immune systems [4–11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hazardous Apoptotic Effects of 2-Bromopropane on Maturation of Mouse Oocytes, Fertilization, and Fetal Development

Chan

2010

IJMS

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2-Bromopropane (2-BP) is used as an alternative to ozone-depleting cleaning solvents. Previously, we reported that 2-BP has cytotoxic effects on mouse blastocysts and is associated with defects in subsequent development. Here, we further investigate the effects of 2-BP on oocyte maturation and subsequent pre- and post-implantation development, both in vitro and in vivo. Notably, 2-BP induced a significant reduction in the rates of oocyte maturation, fertilization, and in vitro embryonic development. Treatment of oocytes with 2-BP during in vitro maturation (IVM) resulted in increased resorption of postimplantation embryos and decreased fetal weights. Experiments with a mouse model disclosed that consumption of drinking water containing 20 μM 2-BP led to decreased oocyte maturation in vivo and fertilization in vitro, as well as impairment of early embryonic development. Interestingly, pretreatment with a caspase-3-specific inhibitor effectively prevented 2-BP-triggered hazardous effects, suggesting that embryonic impairment by 2-BP occurs via a caspase-dependent apoptotic process. A study using embryonic stem cells as the assay model conclusively demonstrated that 2-BP induces cell death processes through apoptosis and not necrosis, and inhibits early embryo development in mouse embryonic stem cells. These results collectively confirm the hazardous effects of 2-BP on embryos derived from pretreated oocytes.

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2-Bromopropane Induced Germ Cell Apoptosis during Spermatogenesis in Male Rat.

Cited by 19 publications

References 28 publications

The Impact of Long-Term Exposure to Space Environment on Adult Mammalian Organisms: A Study on Mouse Thyroid and Testis

The Impact of Long-Term Exposure to Space Environment on Adult Mammalian Organisms: A Study on Mouse Thyroid and Testis

Cytotoxic Effects of 2-Bromopropane on Embryonic Development in Mouse Blastocysts

Hazardous Apoptotic Effects of 2-Bromopropane on Maturation of Mouse Oocytes, Fertilization, and Fetal Development

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