This article is available online at http://www.jlr.org Phosphoinositides (PIPs) are phosphorylated derivatives of phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns), and the metabolism of these lipids constitutes a major membrane-associated signaling system in eukaryotic cells (1)(2)(3)(4)(5). The chemical heterogeneity that distinguishes individual PIP species forms one basis for functionally compartmentalizing signaling platform identities on membrane surfaces ( 6, 7 ). Yet while the chemical heterogeneity of PIP species is simple, it translates to an enormous diversity of biological outcomes that derive from PIP signaling. In that regard, recent studies demonstrate additional layers of functional specifi cation for PIP signaling that are of such resolution that production of an individual PIP species by a specifi c PtdIns kinase yields multiple biological outcomes in the same cell ( 8 ). We now appreciate that PtdIns transfer proteins (PITPs) play critical roles in functional compartmentalization of PIP signaling reactions by channeling PtdIns to PtdIns kinases and, subsequently, to distinct sets of effector proteins ( 9-11 ). The Sec14-like PITPs are best studied in this regard, and the multiplicity of Sec14-like PITPs expressed in even simple unicellular eukaryotes highlights the high degree of functional specifi cation for these proteins ( 12,13 ).Emerging evidence that PITPs instruct the biological outcomes of PtdIns kinase activities recommends these proteins as novel targets for chemical intervention with PIP signaling pathways in cells ( 11,14 ). The advantages of targeting PITPs for this purpose are that such interventions can be imposed with selectivities superior to those possible by popular strategies that either target individual PtdIns-kinase isoforms or individual PIP species ( 15,16 ). Proof of concept is exemplifi ed by the identifi cation and validation of several classes of small molecule inhibitors (SMIs) that target Sec14, the major PITP of yeast. Abbreviations: MM-GBSA, molecular mechanics with generalized born and surface area; NPPM, nitrophenyl(4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl)methanone; PDB, Protein Data Bank; PIP, phosphoinositide; PITP, phosphatidylinositol transfer protein; PtdCho, phosphatidylcholine; PtdIns, phosphatidylinositol; SMI, small molecule inhibitor .